{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2038910312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.1.1","title":"Binding in the growth hormone receptor complex.","display_name":"Binding in the growth hormone receptor complex.","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2038910312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.1.1","mag":"2038910312","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8552582","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/40168"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.93.1.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.1.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.1.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC40168","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055883634","display_name":"J A Wells","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183934855","display_name":"Genentech","ror":"https://ror.org/04gndp242","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118019719","https://openalex.org/I129302853","https://openalex.org/I183934855"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J A Wells","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Protein Engineering, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Protein Engineering, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183934855"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055883634"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183934855"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":38.7228,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":442,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99935949,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"93","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10748","display_name":"Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors","score":0.8349999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10748","display_name":"Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors","score":0.8349999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11178","display_name":"Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling","score":0.14489999413490295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11503","display_name":"Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-hormone","display_name":"growth hormone","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-hormone-receptor","display_name":"growth hormone receptor","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hormone-receptor-binding","display_name":"hormone-receptor binding","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receptor-dimerization","display_name":"receptor dimerization","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receptor-activation","display_name":"receptor activation","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receptor-antagonists","display_name":"receptor antagonists","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alanine-scanning","display_name":"alanine scanning","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-protein-interaction","display_name":"protein-protein interaction","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-transduction","display_name":"signal transduction","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homodimerization","display_name":"homodimerization","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterodimerization","display_name":"heterodimerization","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binding-kinetics","display_name":"binding kinetics","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrophobic-interactions","display_name":"hydrophobic interactions","score":0.7300000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.6619127988815308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16318435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149299","display_name":"Mutagenesis","level":4,"score":0.6564896702766418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107824862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616005","display_name":"Binding site","level":2,"score":0.6278351545333862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780227090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2636892","display_name":"Alanine scanning","level":5,"score":0.6102781295776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51639874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167149","display_name":"Plasma protein binding","level":2,"score":0.4903435707092285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.47376683354377747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.471682608127594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.46185481548309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779856020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218642","display_name":"Alanine","level":3,"score":0.4609006643295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143065580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695","display_name":"Mutant","level":3,"score":0.4478894770145416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.44658711552619934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103408237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642668","display_name":"Site-directed mutagenesis","level":4,"score":0.43851184844970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23589133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412005","display_name":"Hormone receptor","level":4,"score":0.4150366187095642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.41009607911109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.14529329538345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.12137079238891602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007700","descriptor_name":"Kinetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008958","descriptor_name":"Models, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011485","descriptor_name":"Protein Binding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011986","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Somatotropin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013006","descriptor_name":"Growth Hormone","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013329","descriptor_name":"Structure-Activity Relationship","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046911","descriptor_name":"Macromolecular Substances","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.93.1.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.1.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.1.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:253377","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC40168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:8552582","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8552582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:40168","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC40168/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:253377","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC40168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63256448","https://openalex.org/W305251438","https://openalex.org/W1561793264","https://openalex.org/W1563002044","https://openalex.org/W1593314637","https://openalex.org/W1625079248","https://openalex.org/W1988812517","https://openalex.org/W2009728149","https://openalex.org/W2025864476","https://openalex.org/W2031772330","https://openalex.org/W2032359283","https://openalex.org/W2034665579","https://openalex.org/W2035178191","https://openalex.org/W2038260402","https://openalex.org/W2042655455","https://openalex.org/W2047397193","https://openalex.org/W2048231430","https://openalex.org/W2048362048","https://openalex.org/W2058527555","https://openalex.org/W2061721999","https://openalex.org/W2068187158","https://openalex.org/W2075045013","https://openalex.org/W2083240331","https://openalex.org/W2083445427","https://openalex.org/W2083650816","https://openalex.org/W2088802228","https://openalex.org/W2089728262","https://openalex.org/W2098648394","https://openalex.org/W2116584173","https://openalex.org/W2120056767","https://openalex.org/W2123631149","https://openalex.org/W2126812410","https://openalex.org/W2136716105","https://openalex.org/W2144901932","https://openalex.org/W2158823568","https://openalex.org/W2172032243","https://openalex.org/W2176428851","https://openalex.org/W2211545673"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068187158","https://openalex.org/W34158692","https://openalex.org/W1987540537","https://openalex.org/W2084381533","https://openalex.org/W2025864476","https://openalex.org/W2155433930","https://openalex.org/W1980353405","https://openalex.org/W1968178660","https://openalex.org/W2133836397","https://openalex.org/W2116584173"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Binding":[0],"reactions":[1,198],"between":[2],"human":[3],"growth":[4],"hormone":[5,18,190],"(hGH)":[6],"and":[7,22,31,45,102,136,157,163],"its":[8,20],"receptor":[9,21,52,90],"provide":[10],"a":[11,16,77,134],"detailed":[12],"account":[13],"of":[14,79,122,139,146,166],"how":[15,25],"polypeptide":[17],"activates":[19,58],"more":[23,106],"generally":[24],"proteins":[26],"interact.":[27],"Through":[28],"high-resolution":[29],"structural":[30],"functional":[32],"studies":[33],"it":[34,82],"is":[35,83],"seen":[36,214],"that":[37,96,114,132,176],"hGH":[38,95],"uses":[39],"two":[40,50],"different":[41],"sites":[42],"(site":[43],"1":[44,129],"site":[46,100,118,128],"2)":[47],"to":[48,85,88,103,182,187,191,202,221,223],"bind":[49],"identical":[51],"molecules.":[53],"This":[54],"sequential":[55],"dimerization":[56],"reaction":[57],"the":[59,64,89,127,144,147,173,177,184,189,192,210,216],"receptor,":[60],"presumably":[61],"by":[62,91,109,161],"bringing":[63],"intracellular":[65],"domains":[66],"into":[67],"close":[68],"proximity":[69],"so":[70],"they":[71],"may":[72],"activate":[73],"cytosolic":[74],"components.":[75],"As":[76],"consequence":[78],"this":[80],"mechanism":[81],"possible":[84],"build":[86,104],"antagonists":[87,108],"introducing":[92],"mutations":[93],"in":[94,215],"block":[97],"binding":[98,116],"at":[99,117,126],"2":[101],"even":[105],"potent":[107],"combining":[110],"these":[111,158],"with":[112],"mutants":[113],"enhance":[115],"1.":[119],"Alanine-scanning":[120],"mutagenesis":[121],"all":[123],"contact":[124],"residues":[125],"interface":[130,148],"shows":[131,171],"only":[133],"small":[135],"complementary":[137],"set":[138],"side":[140,179],"chains":[141,180],"clustered":[142],"near":[143],"center":[145],"affects":[149],"binding.":[150],"The":[151],"most":[152,174],"important":[153,178],"contacts":[154],"are":[155,159,199,219],"hydrophobic,":[156],"surrounded":[160],"polar":[162],"charged":[164],"interactions":[165],"lesser":[167],"importance.":[168],"Kinetic":[169],"analysis":[170],"for":[172,206],"part":[175],"function":[181],"maintain":[183],"complex,":[185],"not":[186],"guide":[188],"receptor.":[193],"Hormone-induced":[194],"homodimerization":[195],"or":[196],"heterodimerization":[197],"turning":[200],"out":[201],"be":[203],"pervasive":[204],"mechanisms":[205],"signal":[207],"transduction.":[208],"Moreover,":[209],"molecular":[211],"recognition":[212],"principles":[213],"hGH-receptor":[217],"complex":[218],"likely":[220],"generalize":[222],"other":[224],"protein-protein":[225],"complexes.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}