{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2038435142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2006.07.007","title":"Labor market reforms, growth, and unemployment in labor-exporting countries in the Middle East and North Africa","display_name":"Labor market reforms, growth, and unemployment in labor-exporting countries in the Middle East and North Africa","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2038435142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2006.07.007","mag":"2038435142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jpolmod.2006.07.007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2006.07.007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2006.07.007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81022070","display_name":"Journal of Policy Modeling","issn_l":"0161-8938","issn":["0161-8938","1873-8060"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Policy Modeling","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069072679","display_name":"Pierre\u2010Richard Ag\u00e9nor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5720-3544","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5720-3544"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pierre-Richard Ag\u00e9nor","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Social Studies, University of Manchester, Centre for Growth and Business Cycle Research, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom","University of Manchester - School of Social Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Social Studies, University of Manchester, Centre for Growth and Business Cycle Research, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manchester - School of Social Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085641088","display_name":"Mustapha K. Nabli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6830-9659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6830-9659"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustapha K. Nabli","raw_affiliation_strings":["World Bank, USA","World Bank;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Bank, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Bank;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022623805","display_name":"Tarik M. Yousef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3445-0566","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3445-0566"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","display_name":"Georgetown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tarik Yousef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgetown University, USA","Georgetown University - Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service (SFS)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgetown University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgetown University - Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service (SFS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011105094","display_name":"Henning Tarp Jensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4526-458X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4526-458X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henning Tarp Jensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Copenhagen, Denmark","University of Copenhagen, Institute of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Copenhagen, Institute of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069072679"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.8609,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96162216,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"2","first_page":"277","last_page":"309"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.5795999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.5795999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.09769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.07699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-market-reform","display_name":"labour market reform","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"unemployment","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-east-and-north-africa","display_name":"Middle East and North Africa","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payroll-taxes","display_name":"payroll taxes","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector-employment","display_name":"public sector employees","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-unions","display_name":"trade unions","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bargaining-power","display_name":"bargaining power","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overseas-employment","display_name":"overseas employment","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-employment","display_name":"informal employment","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-inequality","display_name":"urban inequality","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-welfare","display_name":"rural welfare","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-migration","display_name":"international migration","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowding-in-effect","display_name":"crowding in","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-reforms","display_name":"structural reforms","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-creation","display_name":"job creation","score":0.6840000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.8125912547111511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.6997459530830383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.6784546971321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778873167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59434791","display_name":"Payroll","level":2,"score":0.551831066608429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72614640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7443850","display_name":"Secondary labor market","level":3,"score":0.5511623024940491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48057960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625018","display_name":"Bargaining power","level":2,"score":0.4969799816608429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103382277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282640","display_name":"General equilibrium theory","level":2,"score":0.49212855100631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.45959198474884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64089585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944235","display_name":"Informal sector","level":2,"score":0.4300232231616974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80984254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608190","display_name":"Labor relations","level":2,"score":0.34614211320877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.2290906012058258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.16417083144187927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jpolmod.2006.07.007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2006.07.007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2006.07.007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81022070","display_name":"Journal of Policy Modeling","issn_l":"0161-8938","issn":["0161-8938","1873-8060"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Policy Modeling","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/537aef30-83bf-11dc-bee9-02004c4f4f50","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://curis.ku.dk/portal/da/publications/labor-market-reforms-growth-and-unemployment-in-laborexporting-countries-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa(537aef30-83bf-11dc-bee9-02004c4f4f50).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401983","display_name":"Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","host_organization_name":"University of Copenhagen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ag\u00e9nor, P-R, Nabli, M K, Yousef, T & Jensen, H T 2007, 'Labor market reforms, growth, and unemployment in labor-exporting countries in the Middle East and North Africa', Journal of Policy Modeling, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 277-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2006.07.007","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.7307999730110168,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.666700005531311,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56784331","https://openalex.org/W208386591","https://openalex.org/W288029403","https://openalex.org/W376981133","https://openalex.org/W593787099","https://openalex.org/W772577943","https://openalex.org/W1505100380","https://openalex.org/W1530397641","https://openalex.org/W1569326784","https://openalex.org/W1781347434","https://openalex.org/W1984107200","https://openalex.org/W2021555026","https://openalex.org/W2026307539","https://openalex.org/W2035038753","https://openalex.org/W2053894175","https://openalex.org/W2061283290","https://openalex.org/W2078561139","https://openalex.org/W2085540719","https://openalex.org/W2138601244","https://openalex.org/W2154816408","https://openalex.org/W2189128061","https://openalex.org/W2235976589","https://openalex.org/W2236297909","https://openalex.org/W3110684951","https://openalex.org/W3124190981","https://openalex.org/W3125598337","https://openalex.org/W6880892780"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099195558","https://openalex.org/W2096457838","https://openalex.org/W7126766402","https://openalex.org/W4385525536","https://openalex.org/W2805721853","https://openalex.org/W6987792182","https://openalex.org/W3125477734","https://openalex.org/W4385525543","https://openalex.org/W4385525210","https://openalex.org/W7136624958"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
