{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2037422295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-199708000-00045","title":"Analysis of a Straight-Line Capnographic Waveform","display_name":"Analysis of a Straight-Line Capnographic Waveform","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2037422295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-199708000-00045","mag":"2037422295","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9249136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00000539-199708000-00045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-199708000-00045","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-199708000-00045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104698359","display_name":"Anesthesia & Analgesia","issn_l":"0003-2999","issn":["0003-2999","1526-7598"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anesthesia & Analgesia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001248174","display_name":"Shahid Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5104-8547","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5104-8547"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926076166","display_name":"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/033ztpr93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926076166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahid Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905","Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926076166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926076166"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044447773","display_name":"David T. Raphael","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926076166","display_name":"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/033ztpr93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926076166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David T. Raphael","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905","Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926076166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926076166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926076166"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15589821,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"85","issue":"2","first_page":"465","last_page":"465"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12930","display_name":"Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.29739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12930","display_name":"Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.29739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.24490000307559967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10436","display_name":"Anesthesia and Sedative Agents","score":0.20360000431537628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-tidal-capnography","display_name":"end-tidal capnography","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capnography","display_name":"capnography","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-anesthesia","display_name":"general anesthesia","score":0.5130000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.766666054725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.6682475805282593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.5647673606872559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778207410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1728669","display_name":"Capnography","level":2,"score":0.560451865196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.46146610379219055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19298142194747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.14424100518226624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08108446002006531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004868","descriptor_name":"Equipment Failure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019296","descriptor_name":"Capnography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019544","descriptor_name":"Equipment Failure Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00000539-199708000-00045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-199708000-00045","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-199708000-00045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104698359","display_name":"Anesthesia & Analgesia","issn_l":"0003-2999","issn":["0003-2999","1526-7598"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anesthesia & Analgesia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1213/00000539-199708000-00045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1213/00000539-199708000-00045","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1213/00000539-199708000-00045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104698359","display_name":"Anesthesia & Analgesia","issn_l":"0003-2999","issn":["0003-2999","1526-7598"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anesthesia & Analgesia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9249136","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9249136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anesthesia and analgesia","raw_type":"Letter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.766700029373169}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075308319","https://openalex.org/W2614933154","https://openalex.org/W2029981945","https://openalex.org/W1976561914","https://openalex.org/W4402540701","https://openalex.org/W2090232246","https://openalex.org/W2531176096","https://openalex.org/W2550904448","https://openalex.org/W1967487730","https://openalex.org/W1437619442"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"the":[1,18,21,29,50,96,102,107,114,120,123,130,138,142,145,148,164,167,174,187,190,194,217,250,263,274,282],"Editor:":[2],"We":[3,67,265],"wish":[4],"to":[5,45,92,158,160,162,262,281,289],"report":[6],"a":[7,26,42,46,135,177,225,290],"straight-line":[8,291],"end-tidal":[9,62,275,292],"capnographic":[10],"waveform":[11,152,195],"that":[12,267],"resulted":[13,196],"during":[14],"general":[15],"anesthesia":[16,30,57,139,227],"from":[17],"occlusion":[19,128],"of":[20,28,56,95,101,106,119,122,129,137,156,193,224,231,238,252,273,285,304],"capnograph":[22],"exhaust":[23,131,168,218,254,261,271],"line":[24,44,104,132,169,219,255,272],"by":[25,134,213,222,236],"wheel":[27,136,243],"machine.":[31,140],"The":[32],"Ohmeda":[33,108,124],"5250":[34,109],"RGM":[35],"capnometer":[36,110,116],"(Madison,":[37],"WI)":[38],"was":[39,65,90,155,170,176],"connected":[40],"via":[41],"sampling":[43,98,103],"connecting":[47],"point":[48],"in":[49,197,209],"Y-piece.":[51],"After":[52],"an":[53,93,127,239,253,268],"uneventful":[54],"induction":[55],"and":[58,83,105,147,180,229,234],"endotracheal":[59],"intubation,":[60],"no":[61],"CO2":[63,97,151,182,201,276,293],"reading":[64],"evident.":[66],"promptly":[68],"excluded":[69],"potential":[70],"causes":[71],"such":[72],"as":[73],"breathing":[74],"system":[75,228],"disconnection,":[76],"extubation,":[77],"obstructed":[78,269],"tracheal":[79],"tube,":[80],"ventilator":[81],"malfunction,":[82],"cardiac":[84],"arrest":[85],"[1,2].":[86],"Hence,":[87],"our":[88],"attention":[89],"directed":[91],"evaluation":[94],"pathway.":[99],"Replacement":[100],"did":[111],"not":[112],"alter":[113],"zero":[115],"reading.":[117],"Examination":[118],"back":[121],"monitor":[125,277],"revealed":[126],"caused":[133],"Moving":[141],"machine":[143],"relieved":[144],"occlusion,":[146,256],"typical":[149],"plateau-shaped":[150],"appeared.":[153],"It":[154],"interest":[157],"us":[159],"attempt":[161],"reproduce":[163],"problem.":[165],"When":[166],"clamped":[171],"between":[172],"waveforms,":[173],"result":[175],"continuous,":[178],"constant,":[179],"near-zero":[181],"level.":[183],"Clamping":[184],"on":[185],"either":[186],"upstroke/downstroke":[188],"or":[189,199,215],"plateau":[191],"part":[192],"intermediate":[198],"high-valued":[200],"levels,":[202],"respectively.":[203],"This":[204],"problem":[205],"can":[206],"be":[207,279],"prevented":[208],"three":[210],"ways:":[211],"1)":[212],"shortening":[214],"looping":[216],"cord,":[220],"2)":[221],"use":[223,237],"ceiling-mounted":[226],"suspension":[230],"associated":[232],"hoses,":[233],"3)":[235],"obstacle-clearing":[240],"device":[241],"with":[242],"guards":[244],"(MOVIT,":[245],"Corpus":[246],"Christi,":[247],"TX).":[248],"In":[249],"event":[251],"newer":[257],"CO":[258],"(2)":[259],"monitors":[260],"room.":[264],"conclude":[266],"gas":[270],"should":[278],"added":[280],"differential":[283],"diagnosis":[284],"any":[286],"condition":[287],"leading":[288],"waveform.":[294],"Shahid":[295],"Hussain,":[296],"MD":[297],"David":[298],"T.":[299],"Raphael,":[300],"MD,":[301],"PhD":[302],"Department":[303],"Anesthesiology;":[305],"Texas":[306],"Tech":[307],"University":[308],"Health":[309],"Sciences":[310],"Center;":[311],"El":[312],"Paso,":[313],"TX":[314],"79905":[315]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}