{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2037185232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v4n9p58","title":"An Assessment of Tree Plantation Activity among Smallholders in the District of Ranau, Sabah","display_name":"An Assessment of Tree Plantation Activity among Smallholders in the District of Ranau, Sabah","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2037185232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v4n9p58","mag":"2037185232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5539/mas.v4n9p58","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v4n9p58","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v4n9p58","pdf_url":"https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/mas/article/download/6482/5743","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764751271","display_name":"Modern Applied Science","issn_l":"1913-1844","issn":["1913-1844","1913-1852"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Modern Applied Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/mas/article/download/6482/5743","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080146676","display_name":"Walter Lintangah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5885-3423","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5885-3423"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161371597","display_name":"Universiti of Malaysia Sabah","ror":"https://ror.org/040v70252","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter Lintangah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of International Tropical Forestry Universiti Malaysia Sabah Locked Bag 2073 , Kota Kinabalu 88999 Sabah , Malaysia","School of International Tropical Forestry, Universiti Malaysia Sabah"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of International Tropical Forestry Universiti Malaysia Sabah Locked Bag 2073 , Kota Kinabalu 88999 Sabah , Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of International Tropical Forestry, Universiti Malaysia Sabah","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016083353","display_name":"Andy Russel Mojiol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-5977","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-5977"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161371597","display_name":"Universiti of Malaysia Sabah","ror":"https://ror.org/040v70252","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andy Russel Mojiol","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of International Tropical Forestry Universiti Malaysia Sabah Locked Bag 2073 , Kota Kinabalu 88999 Sabah , Malaysia","School of International Tropical Forestry, Universiti Malaysia Sabah"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of International Tropical Forestry Universiti Malaysia Sabah Locked Bag 2073 , Kota Kinabalu 88999 Sabah , Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of International Tropical Forestry, Universiti Malaysia Sabah","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053517273","display_name":"Julius Kodoh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161371597","display_name":"Universiti of Malaysia Sabah","ror":"https://ror.org/040v70252","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julius Kodoh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of International Tropical Forestry Universiti Malaysia Sabah Locked Bag 2073 , Kota Kinabalu 88999 Sabah , Malaysia","School of International Tropical Forestry, Universiti Malaysia Sabah"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of International Tropical Forestry Universiti Malaysia Sabah Locked Bag 2073 , Kota Kinabalu 88999 Sabah , Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of International Tropical Forestry, Universiti Malaysia Sabah","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089889645","display_name":"Majhinus Solimun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161371597","display_name":"Universiti of Malaysia Sabah","ror":"https://ror.org/040v70252","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Majhinus Solimun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of International Tropical Forestry Universiti Malaysia Sabah Locked Bag 2073 , Kota Kinabalu 88999 Sabah , Malaysia","School of International Tropical Forestry, Universiti Malaysia Sabah"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of International Tropical Forestry Universiti Malaysia Sabah Locked Bag 2073 , Kota Kinabalu 88999 Sabah , Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of International Tropical Forestry, Universiti Malaysia Sabah","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"9","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14050","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14050","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11753","display_name":"Forest Management and Policy","score":0.011300000362098217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12703","display_name":"Oil Palm Production and Sustainability","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-plantations","display_name":"forest plantations","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farmers","display_name":"smallholder farmers","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranau","display_name":"Ranau","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hevea-brasiliensis","display_name":"Hevea brasiliensis","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/durian","display_name":"durian","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teak","display_name":"Tectona grandis","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acacia","display_name":"Acacia","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eucalyptus","display_name":"Eucalyptus","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azadirachta-excelsa","display_name":"Azadirachta excelsa","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neolamarckia-cadamba","display_name":"Neolamarckia cadamba","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pinus","display_name":"Pinus","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-ownership","display_name":"land ownership","score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmers-perceptions","display_name":"farmer perceptions","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plantation-trees","display_name":"plantation trees","score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-conservation","display_name":"soil conservation","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landscaping","display_name":"landscaping","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-investment","display_name":"long-term investment","score":0.7049999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779858969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9250007","display_name":"Tectona","level":2,"score":0.77540522813797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781035296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21698","display_name":"Azadirachta","level":2,"score":0.6802414655685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780553977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2673522","display_name":"Acacia auriculiformis","level":3,"score":0.6654258370399475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.6365338563919067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.6183551549911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779752776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45669","display_name":"Eucalyptus","level":2,"score":0.5754535794258118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.4733175039291382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202050865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35852","display_name":"Hectare","level":3,"score":0.47092217206954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777026253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311331","display_name":"Bambusa","level":3,"score":0.44963523745536804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.39621007442474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780713402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81666","display_name":"Acacia","level":2,"score":0.36341896653175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.29872769117355347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.2459559440612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778704284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670887","display_name":"Bamboo","level":2,"score":0.09072571992874146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5539/mas.v4n9p58","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v4n9p58","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v4n9p58","pdf_url":"https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/mas/article/download/6482/5743","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764751271","display_name":"Modern Applied Science","issn_l":"1913-1844","issn":["1913-1844","1913-1852"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Modern Applied Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1028.6696","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1028.6696","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/mas/article/download/6482/5743/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ibn:masjnl:v:4:y:2010:i:9:p:58","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/mas/article/download/6482/5743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu:10535/6676","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10535/6676","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402437","display_name":"Digital Library Of The Commons Repository (Indiana University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I592451","host_organization_name":"Indiana University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5539/mas.v4n9p58","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v4n9p58","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v4n9p58","pdf_url":"https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/mas/article/download/6482/5743","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764751271","display_name":"Modern Applied Science","issn_l":"1913-1844","issn":["1913-1844","1913-1852"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Modern Applied Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.8518999814987183,"display_name":"Life on land"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.4359000027179718,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321784","display_name":"Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi","ror":"https://ror.org/012s3r374"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321992","display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","ror":"https://ror.org/050zdnc69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323704","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sabah","ror":"https://ror.org/040v70252"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2037185232.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2037185232.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W139852677"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1634123468","https://openalex.org/W2233310305","https://openalex.org/W2558986122","https://openalex.org/W1995921277","https://openalex.org/W2340032432","https://openalex.org/W2008387374","https://openalex.org/W4286888685","https://openalex.org/W6939550822","https://openalex.org/W2238948487","https://openalex.org/W7163507581"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,32,111,168,211,267],"study":[1,36,112,212],"was":[2,191,255,276],"conducted":[3],"to":[4,39,238,259],"assess":[5],"the":[6,13,35,41,47,53,57,87,91,106,122,127,132,138,217,221,233,236,241,246,261,264,271,279],"tree":[7,44,50,63,125,218,268],"plantation":[8,51,64,102,143,269,287],"activity":[9],"among":[10,220,250],"smallholders":[11],"in":[12,95,224,257],"District":[14],"of":[15,34,43,49,59,101,121,140,170,245,263,273,281],"Ranau,":[16],"Sabah.":[17],"There":[18,97],"were":[19,67,80,98,109,126,145,180,203,226,289],"six":[20],"range":[21],"areas":[22,103,230],"involved,":[23],"namely":[24],"Kundasang,":[25],"Randagong,":[26,183],"Nalapak,":[27],"Lohan-Bongkud,":[28,184],"Timbua":[29,185],"and":[30,56,90,105,118,164,177,186,200,209,235,252,296],"Perancangan.":[31],"objectives":[33],"have":[37],"been":[38],"identify":[40],"type":[42],"species":[45,169],"planted,":[46],"distribution":[48],"areas,":[52],"planting":[54,249],"practiced,":[55],"perception":[58],"small":[60,133,222],"holders":[61,223],"towards":[62],"activity.":[65],"Data":[66],"gathered":[68],"by":[69,131,228,232],"direct":[70],"observation,":[71],"interviews,":[72],"questionnaire,":[73],"as":[74,76,86],"well":[75],"secondary":[77],"data,":[78],"which":[79],"collected":[81],"from":[82],"related":[83],"agencies":[84],"such":[85],"Agricultural":[88],"Department":[89],"Rubber":[92],"Industrial":[93],"Board":[94],"Ranau.":[96],"47":[99],"observations":[100],"recorded,":[104],"farmers":[107],"involved":[108],"interviewed.":[110],"has":[113,213],"identified":[114],"that":[115,216],"Hevea":[116],"brasiliensis":[117],"Durio":[119],"zibethinus":[120],"agriculture":[123,274],"crops'":[124],"most":[128],"types":[129],"planted":[130,136],"holders.":[134],"Species":[135],"under":[137,270],"category":[139,272],"other":[141,285],"selected":[142,286],"trees":[144,251,288],"Acacia":[146,171],"sp.":[147,155,179,190],"(40":[148],"%),":[149,153,157],"Tectona":[150,173],"grandis":[151],"(29":[152],"Pinus":[154,189],"(18":[156],"Azadirachta":[158,196],"excels,":[159],"Neolamarckia":[160,198],"cadamba,":[161],"Octomeles":[162,175,201],"sumatrana":[163,176,202],"Eucalyptus":[165,178],"sp.(13":[166],"%).":[167],"sp.,":[172],"grandis,":[174],"found":[181,193,205],"at":[182,194,206],"Perancangan":[187],"while":[188,284],"mainly":[192,277],"Kundasang.":[195],"excelsa,":[197],"cadamba":[199],"only":[204],"Timbua,":[207],"Lohan":[208],"Nalapak.":[210],"also":[214,297],"revealed":[215],"plantations":[219],"Ranau":[225],"influenced":[227],"land":[229],"owned":[231],"farmer,":[234],"willingness":[237],"wait":[239],"for":[240,278,291,298],"long":[242,293],"term":[243,294],"outcome":[244],"investment.":[247],"Integrated":[248],"various":[253],"crops":[254,275],"applied":[256],"order":[258],"maximize":[260],"usage":[262],"available":[265],"land.":[266],"purpose":[280],"economic":[282],"income,":[283],"cultivated":[290],"landscaping,":[292],"investment":[295],"soil":[299],"protection.":[300]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
