{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2036636740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/374302a0","title":"The hidden science of eugenics","display_name":"The hidden science of eugenics","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2036636740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/374302a0","mag":"2036636740","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7885463"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/374302a0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/374302a0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/374302a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091583401","display_name":"Diane \u0392. Paul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4053-0121","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4053-0121"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33434090","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Boston","ror":"https://ror.org/04ydmy275","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diane B. Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Political Science, University of Massachusetts, Boston 02125"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science, University of Massachusetts, Boston 02125","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034944482","display_name":"Hamish G. Spencer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-597X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-597X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","display_name":"University of Otago","ror":"https://ror.org/01jmxt844","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamish G. Spencer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand","Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":43.123,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99560419,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"374","issue":"6520","first_page":"302","last_page":"304"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12575","display_name":"Medical History and Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12575","display_name":"Medical History and Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12749","display_name":"Race, Genetics, and Society","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eugenics","display_name":"eugenics","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-eugenics","display_name":"history of eugenics","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-values","display_name":"social values","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-genetics","display_name":"medical genetics","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eugenics-movement","display_name":"eugenics movement","score":0.656000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140610115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170480","display_name":"Eugenics","level":2,"score":0.9964737892150879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4540865421295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.3855786621570587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.36933422088623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.31948018074035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.28431668877601624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.23958119750022888}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005053","descriptor_name":"Eugenics","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012945","descriptor_name":"Social Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D028683","descriptor_name":"National Socialism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030342","descriptor_name":"Genetic Diseases, Inborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D038622","descriptor_name":"Internationality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/374302a0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/374302a0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/374302a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7885463","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7885463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"Historical Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/527646","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/527646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"151279","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/746000","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/746000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BRL:KIE/46699","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W606792062","https://openalex.org/W611899934","https://openalex.org/W1581079125","https://openalex.org/W1601159545","https://openalex.org/W1605057828","https://openalex.org/W1652529314","https://openalex.org/W1973511878","https://openalex.org/W2009239291","https://openalex.org/W2013643084","https://openalex.org/W2020781576","https://openalex.org/W2021203036","https://openalex.org/W2021913612","https://openalex.org/W2034132675","https://openalex.org/W2043300904","https://openalex.org/W2047257710","https://openalex.org/W2117477553","https://openalex.org/W2140025220","https://openalex.org/W2258146645","https://openalex.org/W2270950561","https://openalex.org/W2297030547","https://openalex.org/W2315086526","https://openalex.org/W2325742308","https://openalex.org/W2359648439","https://openalex.org/W2733474185","https://openalex.org/W2788744897","https://openalex.org/W2797048941","https://openalex.org/W3129190679","https://openalex.org/W4248837672","https://openalex.org/W4255463476","https://openalex.org/W4297575772"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253419206","https://openalex.org/W7098056799","https://openalex.org/W2039432023","https://openalex.org/W4244265841","https://openalex.org/W4388225751","https://openalex.org/W287174309","https://openalex.org/W1970511118","https://openalex.org/W2248232768","https://openalex.org/W4387371740","https://openalex.org/W7071295319"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
