{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2036625215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1148/72.1.101","title":"Field Shaping and Selective Protection in Megavolt Radiation Therapy","display_name":"Field Shaping and Selective Protection in Megavolt Radiation Therapy","publication_year":1959,"publication_date":"1959-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2036625215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1148/72.1.101","mag":"2036625215"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1148/72.1.101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1148/72.1.101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1148/72.1.101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50280174","display_name":"Radiology","issn_l":"0033-8419","issn":["0033-8419","1527-1315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315931","host_organization_name":"Radiological Society of North America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315931"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Radiological Society of North America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Radiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103441337","display_name":"K. A. Wright","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth A. Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020923997","display_name":"Basil S. Proimos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Basil S. Proimos","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022535340","display_name":"John G. Trump","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John G. Trump","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021392265","display_name":"Magnus I. Smedal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magnus I. Smedal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108459850","display_name":"David O. Johnston","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David O. Johnston","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110827006","display_name":"Ferdinand A. Salzman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ferdinand A. Salzman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35891209,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"1","first_page":"101","last_page":"101"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11176","display_name":"Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10844","display_name":"Radiation Dose and Imaging","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/megavoltage-radiotherapy","display_name":"megavoltage radiotherapy","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-shaping","display_name":"field shaping","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-attenuation","display_name":"beam attenuation","score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotational-therapy","display_name":"rotational therapy","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-cord-protection","display_name":"spinal cord protection","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-protection","display_name":"eye protection","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-absorber","display_name":"gold absorber","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-distribution","display_name":"dose distribution","score":0.5630000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2265751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332007","display_name":"Electromagnetic shielding","level":2,"score":0.68483567237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6189965605735779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780775167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9606","display_name":"Spinal cord","level":2,"score":0.5377199053764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5152664184570312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5111265778541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4779346287250519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509974204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180507","display_name":"Radiation therapy","level":2,"score":0.4523972272872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777620619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574099","display_name":"Radiation protection","level":2,"score":0.4283060133457184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.41875797510147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.4167424142360687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.356136292219162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.3530336618423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3364256024360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2582419514656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.24849075078964233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1148/72.1.101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1148/72.1.101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1148/72.1.101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50280174","display_name":"Radiology","issn_l":"0033-8419","issn":["0033-8419","1527-1315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315931","host_organization_name":"Radiological Society of North America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315931"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Radiological Society of North America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Radiology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.428600013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W149020168","https://openalex.org/W2043013091","https://openalex.org/W2043596324"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048214241","https://openalex.org/W300598825","https://openalex.org/W2094183283","https://openalex.org/W2066349818","https://openalex.org/W1997556053","https://openalex.org/W2132949265","https://openalex.org/W2470955971","https://openalex.org/W1989891188","https://openalex.org/W2053664899","https://openalex.org/W2184332641"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,228,293,359],"availability":[1],"of":[2,5,12,33,64,84,123,142,146,204,223,237,295,308,314,323,335,344,381,410],"intense":[3],"sources":[4],"megavolt":[6,111],"radiation":[7,286,326],"makes":[8,235],"possible":[9],"the":[10,31,62,68,88,94,106,121,136,140,181,188,202,214,218,246,253,267,277,285,288,304,309,312,321,329,333,336,364,378,382,403,420,440,443],"treatment":[11,35,203,390],"regional":[13],"as":[14,16,319,430],"well":[15],"localized":[17],"disease":[18],"with":[19,201,245,351,439,453],"more":[20,56],"adequate":[21],"doses.":[22],"These":[23,407],"new":[24],"capabilities":[25],"are":[26,130,282,405,409,427,432],"often":[27,174],"best":[28],"exploited":[29],"by":[30,80,99,328,342,391],"use":[32,236,313],"large":[34],"fields,":[36],"carefully":[37],"shaped":[38,239],"to":[39,47,101,119,132,176,179,183,195,287,332,340,401,413,415],"include":[40],"known":[41],"tumor":[42],"and":[43,46,60,126,134,139,153,217,225,255,257,264,273,279,306,367,426],"local":[44],"extensions":[45],"exclude":[48],"uninvolved":[49],"regions.":[50,207],"This":[51,248],"procedure":[52],"results":[53],"in":[54,67,105,150,243,270,361,376,450],"a":[55,114,161,238,392],"uniform":[57],"dose":[58,182,322,362],"distribution":[59],"reduces":[61],"problems":[63],"overlap":[65],"inherent":[66],"multiple":[69],"field":[70,75,137],"approach.":[71],"Field":[72],"shaping,":[73],"or":[74,178],"outline":[76],"control,":[77],"is":[78,117,173,250,290,338],"accomplished":[79,386],"interposing":[81],"sufficient":[82,411],"thickness":[83,305],"absorbing":[85],"material":[86],"into":[87,374],"beam":[89,95,331,422],"cross":[90],"section.":[91],"In":[92,109,169],"addition,":[93],"may":[96],"be":[97,167,210,357,372,385],"intensity-modulated":[98],"filters":[100],"adjust":[102],"for":[103,212,230],"variations":[104],"anatomical":[107],"thickness.":[108],"our":[110],"x-ray":[112],"equipment":[113],"light-beam":[115],"localizer":[116],"used":[118,149],"facilitate":[120],"placing":[122],"such":[124,197,296,318],"absorbers":[125],"filters.":[127],"Double-exposure":[128],"radiographs":[129],"taken":[131,373],"confirm":[133],"record":[135],"location":[138],"position":[141],"these":[143],"absorbers.":[144],"Fields":[145],"typical":[147],"shape":[148,265],"both":[151,271],"rotational":[152,170,221,388],"opposing":[154],"portal":[155],"therapy":[156,171,222,389],"that":[157,260],"have":[158,192],"evolved":[159],"from":[160],"nine-year":[162],"clinical":[163],"investigation":[164],"program":[165],"will":[166,209],"presented.":[168],"it":[172],"desirable":[175],"reduce":[177,414],"minimize":[180],"certain":[184],"radiation-sensitive":[185],"regions":[186],"within":[187],"field.":[189],"Several":[190],"methods":[191],"been":[193],"developed":[194],"accomplish":[196],"selective":[198,297],"shielding":[199,213],"consistent":[200],"adjacent":[205,226],"involved":[206],"Technics":[208],"described":[211],"spinal":[215,232,268],"cord":[216,233,269,289,337],"eye":[219],"during":[220,387],"surrounding":[224],"tissue.":[227],"method":[229],"providing":[231],"protection":[234,298],"absorber":[240,280,398,446],"rod":[241,249,281,447],"rotating":[242],"synchronism":[244],"patient.":[247,441],"positioned":[251],"between":[252],"target":[254,455],"patient":[256,278],"bent":[258],"so":[259],"its":[261,454],"projected":[262],"size":[263],"cover":[266,402],"lateral":[272],"anteroposterior":[274],"projections.":[275],"As":[276],"synchronously":[283,438],"rotated,":[284],"continuously":[291],"attenuated.":[292],"degree":[294],"depends,":[299],"among":[300],"other":[301,369],"things,":[302],"on":[303],"density":[307,316],"absorber.":[310],"By":[311],"high":[315],"materials":[317],"gold,":[320],"2":[324],"MEV":[325],"delivered":[327],"direct":[330,421],"axis":[334,437],"reduced":[339],"half":[341],"rods":[343,399,408],"3/8-inch":[345],"diameter.":[346],"To":[347],"obtain":[348],"equivalent":[349],"attenuation":[350],"lead":[352],"rods,":[353],"greater":[354],"thicknesses":[355],"must":[356,371],"used.":[358,406],"gradient":[360],"around":[363],"protected":[365],"region":[366],"several":[368],"factors":[370],"account":[375],"planning":[377],"treatment.":[379],"Protection":[380],"eyes":[383,404],"can":[384],"similar":[393],"method.":[394],"Two":[395],"horizontal":[396],"parallel":[397,429],"directed":[400],"length":[412],"about":[416,434],"1":[417],"per":[418],"cent":[419],"transmitted":[423],"through":[424],"them":[425],"kept":[428],"they":[431],"rotated":[433],"an":[435],"appropriate":[436],"Throughout":[442],"rotation":[444],"each":[445],"thus":[448],"remains":[449],"continuous":[451],"alignment":[452],"eye.":[456]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
