{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2036064690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1968.22.3.861","title":"Operationism, Metaphysics, and the Philosophy of Ordinary Language","display_name":"Operationism, Metaphysics, and the Philosophy of Ordinary Language","publication_year":1968,"publication_date":"1968-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2036064690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1968.22.3.861","mag":"2036064690","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5653389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2466/pr0.1968.22.3.861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1968.22.3.861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1968.22.3.861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147670119","display_name":"Psychological Reports","issn_l":"0033-2941","issn":["0033-2941","1558-691X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063410821","display_name":"James R. Averill","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James R. Averill","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063410821"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5171,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84170854,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"861","last_page":"887"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12430","display_name":"Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3200","display_name":"General Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12430","display_name":"Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3200","display_name":"General Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13558","display_name":"Logic and Philosophy of Science","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operationism","display_name":"operationism","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaphysics","display_name":"metaphysics","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-of-discovery","display_name":"context of discovery","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-of-justification","display_name":"context of justification","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vernacular","display_name":"vernacular language","score":0.7250000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182744844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35277","display_name":"Metaphysics","level":2,"score":0.8355819582939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.719457745552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.643557071685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146153142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056732","display_name":"Ordinary language philosophy","level":3,"score":0.6419532299041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123556308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484761","display_name":"Philosophy of language","level":3,"score":0.6418920755386353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.6365293860435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5699498653411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7991579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17955","display_name":"Criticism","level":2,"score":0.5683978199958801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.36075931787490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170143251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842333","display_name":"Western philosophy","level":2,"score":0.15766063332557678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.09359335899353027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07493042945861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008678","descriptor_name":"Metaphysics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010684","descriptor_name":"Philosophy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2466/pr0.1968.22.3.861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1968.22.3.861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1968.22.3.861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147670119","display_name":"Psychological Reports","issn_l":"0033-2941","issn":["0033-2941","1558-691X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:5653389","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5653389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63161240","https://openalex.org/W181698725","https://openalex.org/W621623633","https://openalex.org/W622807069","https://openalex.org/W855185972","https://openalex.org/W1904727028","https://openalex.org/W1964539894","https://openalex.org/W1983445151","https://openalex.org/W1983924451","https://openalex.org/W2003437309","https://openalex.org/W2026205648","https://openalex.org/W2034370774","https://openalex.org/W2078491570","https://openalex.org/W2092026966","https://openalex.org/W2094613792","https://openalex.org/W2321684999","https://openalex.org/W2330858170","https://openalex.org/W2344855809","https://openalex.org/W2491843627","https://openalex.org/W2596798558","https://openalex.org/W2744930110","https://openalex.org/W2752443224","https://openalex.org/W4210917451","https://openalex.org/W4230222416","https://openalex.org/W4233244913","https://openalex.org/W4236950173","https://openalex.org/W4237436652","https://openalex.org/W4240000450","https://openalex.org/W4242402695","https://openalex.org/W4242644869","https://openalex.org/W4242954774","https://openalex.org/W4242977241","https://openalex.org/W4244060573","https://openalex.org/W4246093075","https://openalex.org/W4247253899","https://openalex.org/W4248189354","https://openalex.org/W4250903102","https://openalex.org/W4251351931","https://openalex.org/W4251395411","https://openalex.org/W4254142778","https://openalex.org/W4254255425","https://openalex.org/W4295677041","https://openalex.org/W4298185589"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W126657312","https://openalex.org/W1968843959","https://openalex.org/W2011244349","https://openalex.org/W2048723879","https://openalex.org/W2026546392","https://openalex.org/W4241796493","https://openalex.org/W2731692547","https://openalex.org/W2135156578","https://openalex.org/W7155554659","https://openalex.org/W4248400273"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,85,105,112],"argued":[2],"that:":[3],"(a)":[4],"operationism":[5,13,59],"shares":[6],"with":[7],"metaphysics":[8],"four":[9],"important":[10],"features;":[11],"(b)":[12],"reflects":[14],"an":[15,73],"underlying":[16],"attitude":[17],"toward":[18],"language":[19,80,104],"which":[20],"may":[21],"have":[22],"undesirable":[23],"consequences":[24],"on":[25],"the":[26,30,33,38,63,77,93,100],"novice":[27],"investigator;":[28],"(c)":[29],"distinction":[31],"between":[32],"context":[34,39],"of":[35,40,65,76,79,99,102],"discovery":[36],"and":[37,52,107],"justification":[41],"does":[42],"not":[43],"represent":[44],"a":[45,96],"sharp":[46],"dichotomy,":[47],"either":[48],"logically":[49],"or":[50],"psychologically,":[51],"therefore":[53],"cannot":[54],"be":[55],"used":[56],"to":[57],"secure":[58],"against":[60],"criticism;":[61],"(d)":[62],"triviality":[64],"many":[66],"psychological":[67],"findings":[68],"stems":[69],"in":[70,81,92],"part":[71],"from":[72],"oversimplified":[74],"view":[75],"role":[78],"psychology;":[82],"(e)":[83],"there":[84],"considerable":[86],"knowledge":[87],"concerning":[88],"behavioral":[89],"constancies":[90],"embedded":[91],"vernacular.":[94],"Finally,":[95],"brief":[97],"overview":[98],"philosophy":[101],"ordinary":[103],"presented":[106],"its":[108],"relevance":[109],"for":[110],"psychology":[111],"discussed.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}