{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2036024905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/123078.128726","title":"A morphological analysis of the design space of input devices","display_name":"A morphological analysis of the design space of input devices","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2036024905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/123078.128726","mag":"2036024905"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/123078.128726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/123078.128726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/123078.128726","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/123078.128726","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-a","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/123078.128726","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109035905","display_name":"Stuart K. Card","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173498003","display_name":"Palo Alto Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0529fxt39","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173498003","https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stuart K. Card","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xerox Palo Alto Research Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox Palo Alto Research Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173498003"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009369598","display_name":"Jock D. Mackinlay","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173498003","display_name":"Palo Alto Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0529fxt39","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173498003","https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jock D. Mackinlay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xerox Palo Alto Research Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox Palo Alto Research Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173498003"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110474366","display_name":"George G. Robertson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173498003","display_name":"Palo Alto Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0529fxt39","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173498003","https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George G. Robertson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xerox Palo Alto Research Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox Palo Alto Research Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173498003"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173498003"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7821,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":362,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92277228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"99","last_page":"122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.6499000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.6499000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.29809999465942383,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.019899999722838402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/input-devices","display_name":"input devices","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-space-analysis","display_name":"design space analysis","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-computer-interaction","display_name":"human-computer interaction","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/device-footprint","display_name":"device footprint","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitts-law","display_name":"Fitts' law","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mice","display_name":"mice","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/input-device-design","display_name":"input device design","score":0.5649999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.7095333337783813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6063923835754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777532764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31855","display_name":"Research center","level":2,"score":0.5473626852035522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.46436354517936707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778835598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861940","display_name":"PALO","level":2,"score":0.43900784850120544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.34544461965560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.32570359110832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1646515130996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/123078.128726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/123078.128726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/123078.128726","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/123078.128726","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-a","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/123078.128726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/123078.128726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/123078.128726","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/123078.128726","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-a","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2036024905.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2036024905.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100717835","https://openalex.org/W188524838","https://openalex.org/W245318490","https://openalex.org/W1494930296","https://openalex.org/W1502356487","https://openalex.org/W1514286851","https://openalex.org/W1564436296","https://openalex.org/W1565347903","https://openalex.org/W1587156225","https://openalex.org/W1596194502","https://openalex.org/W1603256735","https://openalex.org/W1607716810","https://openalex.org/W1735553891","https://openalex.org/W1878718657","https://openalex.org/W1977056469","https://openalex.org/W1988772517","https://openalex.org/W1996136679","https://openalex.org/W1998032126","https://openalex.org/W2010085418","https://openalex.org/W2041118185","https://openalex.org/W2043177908","https://openalex.org/W2048990642","https://openalex.org/W2054797856","https://openalex.org/W2066319145","https://openalex.org/W2067881721","https://openalex.org/W2071489069","https://openalex.org/W2072414864","https://openalex.org/W2082207996","https://openalex.org/W2084385548","https://openalex.org/W2084390081","https://openalex.org/W2089669290","https://openalex.org/W2121731156","https://openalex.org/W2132881639","https://openalex.org/W2132916101","https://openalex.org/W2155292754","https://openalex.org/W2168443748","https://openalex.org/W2171765950","https://openalex.org/W2179427518","https://openalex.org/W3129587309","https://openalex.org/W3206689380","https://openalex.org/W4239127880","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000823235","https://openalex.org/W1998032126","https://openalex.org/W2071726566","https://openalex.org/W4238294653","https://openalex.org/W2610752632","https://openalex.org/W3023276957","https://openalex.org/W2034078275","https://openalex.org/W1596662697","https://openalex.org/W598451232","https://openalex.org/W2903984042"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"market":[1],"now":[2],"contains":[3],"a":[4,18,40,58,63,83,106,125,143],"bewildering":[5],"variety":[6],"of":[7,69,85,99],"input":[8,32,70,86],"devices":[9,23],"for":[10,65],"communication":[11],"from":[12],"humans":[13],"to":[14,20,52,81,111,119,141],"computers.This":[15],"paper":[16],"discusses":[17],"means":[19],"systematize":[21],"these":[22],"through":[24],"morphological":[25],"design":[26,43,45,56,115,136],"space":[27,46,68,137],"analysis,":[28],"in":[29,39,134],"which":[30],"different":[31],"device":[33,71,100,128,146],"designs":[34,72],"are":[35,117],"taken":[36],"as":[37,105],"points":[38],"parametrically":[41],"described":[42],"space.The":[44],"is":[47,124,139],"characterized":[48],"by":[49],"finding":[50],"methods":[51],"generate":[53],"and":[54,75,95,102,132],"test":[55],"points.In":[57],"previous":[59],"paper,":[60,89],"we":[61,90],"discussed":[62],"method":[64,94],"generating":[66],"the":[67,92,97,114,122,130,135,148],"using":[73],"primitive":[74],"compositional":[76],"movement":[77],"operators.This":[78],"allowed":[79],"us":[80],"propose":[82],"taxonomy":[84],"devices.In":[87],"this":[88],"summarize":[91],"generation":[93],"explore":[96],"use":[98,109],"footprint":[101],"Fitts's":[103],"law":[104],"test.We":[107],"then":[108],"calculations":[110],"reason":[112],"about":[113],"space.Calculations":[116],"used":[118],"show":[120],"why":[121],"mouse":[123],"more":[126,144],"effective":[127,145],"than":[129,147],"headmouse":[131],"where":[133],"there":[138],"likely":[140],"be":[142],"mouse.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
