{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2035874151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.olq.0000140014.10817.1c","title":"Phase-Specific Network Differences Associated With the Syphilis Epidemic in Baltimore City, 1996\u20132000","display_name":"Phase-Specific Network Differences Associated With the Syphilis Epidemic in Baltimore City, 1996\u20132000","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2035874151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.olq.0000140014.10817.1c","mag":"2035874151","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15388999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/01.olq.0000140014.10817.1c","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.olq.0000140014.10817.1c","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.olq.0000140014.10817.1c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170339494","display_name":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases","issn_l":"0148-5717","issn":["0148-5717","1537-4521"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060799098","display_name":"Shayna D. Cunningham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8876-9962","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8876-9962"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shayna D. Cunningham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA","Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055606260","display_name":"Joshua M. Michaud","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua M. Michaud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, Maryland","Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, Maryland; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, Maryland; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054504259","display_name":"Sheridan M. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0427-9833","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0427-9833"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106564","display_name":"Baltimore City Health Department","ror":"https://ror.org/01q928n88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106564"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheridan M. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baltimore City Health Department, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baltimore City Health Department, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106564"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002128917","display_name":"Anne Rompalo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne Rompalo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, Maryland","Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, Maryland; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, Maryland; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045286875","display_name":"Jonathan Mark Ellen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6537-624X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6537-624X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan M. Ellen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, Maryland","Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, Maryland; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, Maryland; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060799098"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17155107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"10","first_page":"611","last_page":"615"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11934","display_name":"Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.47510001063346863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11934","display_name":"Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.47510001063346863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13586","display_name":"HIV, TB, and STIs Epidemiology","score":0.21559999883174896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.07779999822378159,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syphilis-epidemic","display_name":"syphilis epidemic","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-networks","display_name":"sexual networks","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-analysis","display_name":"network analysis","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyadic-data","display_name":"dyadic data","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-centralization","display_name":"network centralization","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cliques","display_name":"cliques","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-plexes","display_name":"k-plexes","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-density","display_name":"block density","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidemic-dynamics","display_name":"epidemic dynamics","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baltimore-city","display_name":"Baltimore City","score":0.6570000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776983459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41083","display_name":"Syphilis","level":3,"score":0.8168820142745972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.6431143879890442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5574691295623779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909760446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12198","display_name":"Sexually transmitted disease","level":4,"score":0.4375873804092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3431697487831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.2691565454006195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.10457870364189148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.07316243648529053}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004196","descriptor_name":"Disease Outbreaks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012042","descriptor_name":"Registries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012725","descriptor_name":"Sexual Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012747","descriptor_name":"Sexual Partners","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013029","descriptor_name":"Space-Time Clustering","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013587","descriptor_name":"Syphilis","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013587","descriptor_name":"Syphilis","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015142","descriptor_name":"Baltimore","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016358","descriptor_name":"Contact Tracing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/01.olq.0000140014.10817.1c","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.olq.0000140014.10817.1c","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.olq.0000140014.10817.1c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170339494","display_name":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases","issn_l":"0148-5717","issn":["0148-5717","1537-4521"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15388999","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15388999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sexually transmitted diseases","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2907132203","display_name":"IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKS ON SYPHILIS TRANSMISSION","funder_award_id":"R01AI045724","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7349361075","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AI 45724","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103196211","https://openalex.org/W950821216","https://openalex.org/W1986014982","https://openalex.org/W2015370254","https://openalex.org/W2028549538","https://openalex.org/W2033042957","https://openalex.org/W2066625911","https://openalex.org/W2078787094","https://openalex.org/W2079800054","https://openalex.org/W2084844725","https://openalex.org/W2086567832","https://openalex.org/W2114148170","https://openalex.org/W2139656371","https://openalex.org/W2141779178","https://openalex.org/W2620060483","https://openalex.org/W4233076588","https://openalex.org/W6987669993","https://openalex.org/W7052776819"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3091431323","https://openalex.org/W2041856280","https://openalex.org/W2737408558","https://openalex.org/W2114148170","https://openalex.org/W2032429479","https://openalex.org/W2020494082","https://openalex.org/W2994780591","https://openalex.org/W2586823087","https://openalex.org/W2066625911","https://openalex.org/W2323496138"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"The":[1,97],"objective":[2],"of":[3,31,50,103,129,139],"this":[4],"study":[5],"was":[6,19],"to":[7,40,54,67,116],"determine":[8],"whether":[9],"the":[10,17,69,77,82,111,114,118,120,149,158,164],"syphilis":[11,32,165],"epidemic":[12,78,83,115],"in":[13,23],"Baltimore":[14],"City":[15],"during":[16,76,113,161],"mid-1990s":[18],"associated":[20],"with":[21],"changes":[22],"sexual":[24,159],"networks.":[25],"METHODS:":[26],"Data":[27],"on":[28],"index":[29],"cases":[30],"and":[33,42,63,80,88,106,137,162],"their":[34],"partners":[35],"were":[36,52,65,91,101],"collected":[37],"from":[38,72],"1996":[39,87],"2000":[41],"entered":[43],"into":[44],"CDC":[45],"STD*MIS":[46],"software.":[47],"Unique":[48],"pairs":[49],"dyads":[51],"used":[53,66],"create":[55],"networks":[56,160],"using":[57],"SAS":[58],"Interactive":[59],"Matrix":[60],"Language.":[61],"PAJEK":[62],"UCINET":[64],"analyze":[68],"largest":[70,99],"component":[71],"all":[73],"years":[74],"(1996-2000),":[75],"(1997-1998),":[79],"after":[81,117,163],"(1999-2000).":[84],"RESULTS:":[85],"Between":[86],"2000,":[89],"there":[90],"3343":[92],"components":[93,100],"containing":[94],"18,709":[95],"nodes.":[96],"2":[98],"comprised":[102],"1103":[104],"nodes":[105],"125":[107],"nodes,":[108],"respectively.":[109],"From":[110],"period":[112],"epidemic,":[119],"average":[121],"distance":[122],"among":[123],"reachable":[124],"pairs,":[125],"network":[126],"centralization,":[127],"number":[128,138],"n-cliques":[130],"(n":[131],"=":[132,135,142,145],"2,":[133,143],"size":[134],"3),":[136],"k-plexes":[140],"(k":[141],"n":[144],"3)":[146],"declined,":[147],"whereas":[148],"block":[150],"densities":[151],"increased.":[152],"CONCLUSIONS:":[153],"Important":[154],"differences":[155],"exist":[156],"between":[157],"epidemic.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
