{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2035836720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/43/6/n07","title":"Computing uncertainty withuncertain numbers","display_name":"Computing uncertainty withuncertain numbers","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2035836720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/43/6/n07","mag":"2035836720"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0026-1394/43/6/n07","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/43/6/n07","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/43/6/n07","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/43/6/N07/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7291761","display_name":"Metrologia","issn_l":"0026-1394","issn":["0026-1394","1681-7575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metrologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/43/6/N07/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079491459","display_name":"Blair D. Hall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-6863","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-6863"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153315","display_name":"Measurement Standards Laboratory of New Zealand","ror":"https://ror.org/04022gq47","country_code":"NZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153315"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B D Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Measurement Standards Laboratory of New Zealand, PO Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Measurement Standards Laboratory of New Zealand, PO Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079491459"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153315"],"apc_list":{"value":3325,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3325},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1407,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82246509,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"6","first_page":"L56","last_page":"L61"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.02329999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11583","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-propagation","display_name":"error propagation","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-uncertainty","display_name":"measurement uncertainty","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guide-to-the-expression-of-uncertainty-in-measurement","display_name":"Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-data-processing","display_name":"measurement data processing","score":0.8209999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6827985048294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6775785684585571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6524758338928223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778865114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7882489","display_name":"Uncertain data","level":2,"score":0.6075724363327026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123614077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364905","display_name":"Propagation of uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.585911214351654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5470425486564636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.4444597363471985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4421572983264923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3344472050666809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2955798804759979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2797374129295349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10182061791419983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/0026-1394/43/6/n07","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/43/6/n07","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/43/6/n07","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/43/6/N07/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7291761","display_name":"Metrologia","issn_l":"0026-1394","issn":["0026-1394","1681-7575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metrologia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0026-1394/43/6/n07","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/43/6/n07","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/43/6/n07","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/43/6/N07/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7291761","display_name":"Metrologia","issn_l":"0026-1394","issn":["0026-1394","1681-7575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metrologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.75}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316156","display_name":"New Zealand Government","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3jxv31"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2035836720.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2035836720.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071703534","https://openalex.org/W2097735228","https://openalex.org/W2626116100","https://openalex.org/W2881667937"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111301955","https://openalex.org/W7085469669","https://openalex.org/W2166732107","https://openalex.org/W4405937061","https://openalex.org/W4220823264","https://openalex.org/W2910409116","https://openalex.org/W2626116100","https://openalex.org/W7039515720","https://openalex.org/W2360419506","https://openalex.org/W6962881629"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,103],"computational":[1],"method":[2,32],"for":[3,61,87,94],"processing":[4,97],"measurement":[5],"data":[6,96],"is":[7,18,41,111],"discussed":[8],"that":[9,44,65],"applies":[10],"the":[11,21,24,34,48],"law":[12],"of":[13,15,26,36,52,106],"propagation":[14],"uncertainty,":[16],"which":[17,40],"described":[19],"in":[20,28,72],"Guide":[22],"to":[23],"Expression":[25],"Uncertainty":[27],"Measurement":[29],".":[30],"The":[31],"introduces":[33],"notion":[35],"an":[37,42],"'uncertain":[38],"number',":[39],"entity":[43],"encapsulates":[45],"information":[46],"about":[47],"value":[49],"and":[50,92],"uncertainty":[51,101],"a":[53,73],"quantity.":[54],"Basic":[55],"mathematical":[56],"operations":[57,110],"can":[58,69,79],"be":[59,70,80],"defined":[60],"uncertain":[62,108],"numbers":[63],"so":[64],"relationships":[66],"between":[67],"quantities":[68],"expressed":[71],"familiar":[74],"way.":[75],"Uncertain":[76],"number":[77,109],"equations":[78],"arbitrarily":[81],"combined,":[82],"or":[83],"decomposed":[84],"into":[85],"expressions":[86],"intermediate":[88],"results,":[89],"providing":[90],"flexibility":[91],"convenience":[93],"automatic":[95],"while":[98],"rigorously":[99],"supporting":[100],"propagation.":[102],"geometrical":[104],"description":[105],"simple":[107],"also":[112],"given.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}