{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2035771985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1592/phco.24.4.362.33170","title":"Delaying the Onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Prediabetes","display_name":"Delaying the Onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Prediabetes","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2035771985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1592/phco.24.4.362.33170","mag":"2035771985","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15040650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1592/phco.24.4.362.33170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1592/phco.24.4.362.33170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1592/phco.24.4.362.33170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122731057","display_name":"Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","issn_l":"0277-0008","issn":["0277-0008","1875-9114"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007635798","display_name":"Brian K. Irons","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7095-1720","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7095-1720"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","display_name":"Texas Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/0405mnx93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926076166","display_name":"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/033ztpr93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926076166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian K. Irons","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430-8162, USA. brian.irons@ttuhsc.edu","Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430-8162, USA. brian.irons@ttuhsc.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562","https://openalex.org/I926076166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562","https://openalex.org/I926076166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024258937","display_name":"Timothy A. Mazzolini","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","display_name":"Texas Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/0405mnx93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926076166","display_name":"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/033ztpr93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926076166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy A. Mazzolini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562","https://openalex.org/I926076166"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070818055","display_name":"Ronald Shane Greene","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","display_name":"Texas Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/0405mnx93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926076166","display_name":"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/033ztpr93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926076166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Shane Greene","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock Dallas/Fort Worth Texas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock Dallas/Fort Worth Texas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562","https://openalex.org/I926076166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007635798"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562","https://openalex.org/I926076166"],"apc_list":{"value":4030,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4030},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3781,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38041958,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"3","first_page":"362","last_page":"371"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.7124000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.7124000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.2632000148296356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.010300000198185444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prediabetes","display_name":"prediabetes","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impaired-glucose-tolerance","display_name":"impaired glucose tolerance","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impaired-fasting-glucose","display_name":"impaired fasting glucose","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifestyle-modification","display_name":"lifestyle modification","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metformin","display_name":"metformin","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troglitazone","display_name":"troglitazone","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acarbose","display_name":"acarbose","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-sensitivity","display_name":"insulin sensitivity","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prediabetes-screening","display_name":"prediabetes screening","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacist-counseling","display_name":"pharmacist counseling","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-prevention","display_name":"diabetes prevention","score":0.5580000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779668308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2087205","display_name":"Prediabetes","level":4,"score":0.9310880899429321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9217187166213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2087205","display_name":"Impaired glucose tolerance","level":4,"score":0.8339707851409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776617576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338005","display_name":"Acarbose","level":3,"score":0.814001202583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.7563393115997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.7411848902702332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.7292931079864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780323712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19484","display_name":"Metformin","level":3,"score":0.6050741076469421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777185836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3306264","display_name":"Impaired fasting glucose","level":5,"score":0.5286144614219666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.47710567712783813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.46641290187835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.41650158166885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.39645010232925415}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010595","descriptor_name":"Pharmacists","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011236","descriptor_name":"Prediabetic State","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011236","descriptor_name":"Prediabetic State","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012952","descriptor_name":"Societies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015337","descriptor_name":"Multicenter Studies as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015438","descriptor_name":"Health Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017408","descriptor_name":"Guidelines as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024382","descriptor_name":"Professional Role","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1592/phco.24.4.362.33170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1592/phco.24.4.362.33170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1592/phco.24.4.362.33170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122731057","display_name":"Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","issn_l":"0277-0008","issn":["0277-0008","1875-9114"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15040650","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15040650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacotherapy","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555860740","https://openalex.org/W1589237566","https://openalex.org/W1966538548","https://openalex.org/W1969865047","https://openalex.org/W1970652218","https://openalex.org/W1974400848","https://openalex.org/W1980567021","https://openalex.org/W1981101443","https://openalex.org/W1987589275","https://openalex.org/W1992777999","https://openalex.org/W2008699478","https://openalex.org/W2021175589","https://openalex.org/W2031484324","https://openalex.org/W2069139828","https://openalex.org/W2076918333","https://openalex.org/W2083342497","https://openalex.org/W2090895117","https://openalex.org/W2091764130","https://openalex.org/W2102979143","https://openalex.org/W2107851421","https://openalex.org/W2109915535","https://openalex.org/W2123744385","https://openalex.org/W2126115073","https://openalex.org/W2132259774","https://openalex.org/W2132594773","https://openalex.org/W2140937253","https://openalex.org/W2146536851","https://openalex.org/W2158822657","https://openalex.org/W2332951586","https://openalex.org/W2335922553","https://openalex.org/W2413210310","https://openalex.org/W2745151107","https://openalex.org/W3122152400","https://openalex.org/W4210751332","https://openalex.org/W4212961339"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079830534","https://openalex.org/W3183059647","https://openalex.org/W2025598858","https://openalex.org/W2400852558","https://openalex.org/W2130743090","https://openalex.org/W2124141290","https://openalex.org/W3029493820","https://openalex.org/W1550278364","https://openalex.org/W2106405861","https://openalex.org/W4417297276"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,122,140],"frequency":[1],"of":[2,33,48,59,69,89,111,163,188],"type":[3,34,70,90],"2":[4,35,71,91],"diabetes":[5,36,72,92,114,171,189],"mellitus":[6,93,115,172],"is":[7,26],"increasing":[8],"at":[9],"an":[10,45],"alarming":[11],"rate.":[12],"Prediabetes,":[13],"also":[14,106],"referred":[15],"to":[16,113,184],"as":[17],"impaired":[18,23],"glucose":[19],"tolerance":[20],"(IGT)":[21],"and/or":[22],"fasting":[24],"glucose,":[25],"a":[27,159],"major":[28],"risk":[29,47,173],"factor":[30],"for":[31,146],"development":[32,68,88],"mellitus.":[37,73],"In":[38],"addition,":[39],"IGT":[40,65,112],"has":[41,107],"been":[42],"associated":[43],"with":[44,64,98,101,158],"increased":[46],"cardiovascular":[49],"disease":[50],"and":[51,81,119,128,156,191],"mortality.":[52],"Several":[53],"studies":[54],"have":[55,85,169],"measured":[56],"the":[57,67,87,109,131,186],"effects":[58],"various":[60],"interventions":[61,127],"in":[62,79,83,96,137,148],"patients":[63,97,149,180],"on":[66,181],"Intensive":[74],"lifestyle":[75,126],"modifications":[76],"through":[77,135],"alterations":[78,136],"diet":[80],"improvement":[82],"exercise":[84],"delayed":[86],"by":[94,116,124],"58%":[95],"IGT.":[99],"Therapy":[100],"metformin,":[102],"troglitazone,":[103],"or":[104,154,166],"acarbose":[105],"reduced":[108],"progression":[110,132],"31%,":[117],"49%":[118],"25%,":[120],"respectively.":[121],"mechanisms":[123],"which":[125],"drugs":[129],"reduce":[130],"may":[133],"be":[134],"insulin":[138],"sensitivity.":[139],"American":[141],"Diabetes":[142],"Association":[143],"recommends":[144],"screening":[145],"prediabetes":[147],"who":[150,168],"are":[151],"45":[152],"years":[153],"older":[155],"those":[157],"body":[160],"mass":[161],"index":[162],"25":[164],"kg/m2":[165],"greater":[167],"additional":[170],"factors.":[174],"Pharmacists":[175],"can":[176],"promote":[177],"awareness,":[178],"counsel":[179],"intervention":[182],"strategies":[183],"delay":[185],"onset":[187],"mellitus,":[190],"screen":[192],"high-risk":[193],"patients.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
