{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2035751656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb09677.x","title":"A Review of Sunscreen Safety and Efficacy","display_name":"A Review of Sunscreen Safety and Efficacy","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2035751656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb09677.x","mag":"2035751656","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9747581"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb09677.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb09677.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb09677.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61245073","display_name":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","issn_l":"0031-8655","issn":["0031-8655","1751-1097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb09677.x","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080620843","display_name":"Francis P. Gasparro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7941-5799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7941-5799"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149251103","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysqcn41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francis P. Gasparro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. francis.gasparro@mail.tju.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. francis.gasparro@mail.tju.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059478365","display_name":"Mark A. Mitchnick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Mitchnick","raw_affiliation_strings":["SunSmart, Inc., Wainscott, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SunSmart, Inc., Wainscott, NY, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048838123","display_name":"J. Frank Nash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-9639","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-9639"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74680897","display_name":"Procter & Gamble (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkns738","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Frank Nash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, OH, USA","Procter and Gamble Co., Cincinnati, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Procter and Gamble Co., Cincinnati, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080620843"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"],"apc_list":{"value":4330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4330},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.1119,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":434,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99801007,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"3","first_page":"243","last_page":"243"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11013","display_name":"Skin Protection and Aging","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11013","display_name":"Skin Protection and Aging","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11144","display_name":"melanin and skin pigmentation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13869","display_name":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunscreen-safety","display_name":"sunscreen safety","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunscreen-efficacy","display_name":"sunscreen efficacy","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sun-protection-factor","display_name":"sun protection factor","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uvb-filters","display_name":"UVB filters","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uva-filters","display_name":"UVA filters","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultraviolet-radiation","display_name":"ultraviolet radiation","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-damage","display_name":"skin damage","score":0.5609999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992670425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827658","display_name":"Sun protection factor","level":2,"score":0.8720539808273315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780542282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676558","display_name":"Photoprotection","level":3,"score":0.8270533680915833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020442560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4971815","display_name":"Broad spectrum","level":2,"score":0.6525605916976929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909987724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827658","display_name":"Sunscreening Agents","level":4,"score":0.5759658217430115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987742019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11391","display_name":"Ultraviolet radiation","level":2,"score":0.5706809163093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017665839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16884010","display_name":"Sun protection","level":2,"score":0.5592415928840637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987857752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Human health","level":2,"score":0.4980049133300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4844917953014374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994204100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5690942","display_name":"Sun exposure","level":2,"score":0.4557464122772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777524492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649717","display_name":"Sunburn","level":2,"score":0.44302898645401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.41939041018486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3265572488307953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3057853877544403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777789703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192102","display_name":"Skin cancer","level":3,"score":0.2683072090148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1173047423362732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183688256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11982","display_name":"Photosynthesis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21951064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899212","display_name":"Combinatorial chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177322064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750955","display_name":"Radiochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009381","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009381","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012449","descriptor_name":"Safety","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013472","descriptor_name":"Sunlight","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013473","descriptor_name":"Sunscreening Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013473","descriptor_name":"Sunscreening Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013473","descriptor_name":"Sunscreening Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014466","descriptor_name":"Ultraviolet Rays","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015595","descriptor_name":"Skin Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb09677.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb09677.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb09677.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61245073","display_name":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","issn_l":"0031-8655","issn":["0031-8655","1751-1097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1562/0031-8655(1998)068<0243:arossa>2.3.co;2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1562/0031-8655(1998)068<0243:arossa>2.3.co;2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1562/0031-8655(1998)068<0243:arossa>2.3.co;2","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb09677.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61245073","display_name":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","issn_l":"0031-8655","issn":["0031-8655","1751-1097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9747581","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9747581","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Photochemistry and photobiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2189298832","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.particlesciences.com/docs/A_review_of_sunscreen_safety_and_efficacy.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1562/0031-8655(1998)068<0243:arossa>2.3.co;2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1562/0031-8655(1998)068<0243:arossa>2.3.co;2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1562/0031-8655(1998)068<0243:arossa>2.3.co;2","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb09677.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61245073","display_name":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","issn_l":"0031-8655","issn":["0031-8655","1751-1097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2035751656.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2035751656.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":139,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81313238","https://openalex.org/W114326730","https://openalex.org/W132347858","https://openalex.org/W142061339","https://openalex.org/W153835021","https://openalex.org/W171658490","https://openalex.org/W296561810","https://openalex.org/W348271195","https://openalex.org/W593305240","https://openalex.org/W649308638","https://openalex.org/W1568614264","https://openalex.org/W1573498629","https://openalex.org/W1912603876","https://openalex.org/W1965008052","https://openalex.org/W1968811700","https://openalex.org/W1969376635","https://openalex.org/W1970380267","https://openalex.org/W1972122233","https://openalex.org/W1972721832","https://openalex.org/W1974183533","https://openalex.org/W1974884412","https://openalex.org/W1975825403","https://openalex.org/W1980166485","https://openalex.org/W1980182960","https://openalex.org/W1980392221","https://openalex.org/W1981277688","https://openalex.org/W1982597283","https://openalex.org/W1983604993","https://openalex.org/W1983737390","https://openalex.org/W1984302566","https://openalex.org/W1987337379","https://openalex.org/W1987945233","https://openalex.org/W1989317177","https://openalex.org/W1990495056","https://openalex.org/W1990988021","https://openalex.org/W1992248162","https://openalex.org/W1998662001","https://openalex.org/W2002021658","https://openalex.org/W2002593226","https://openalex.org/W2007740682","https://openalex.org/W2007993876","https://openalex.org/W2009376363","https://openalex.org/W2011862919","https://openalex.org/W2017376398","https://openalex.org/W2017458967","https://openalex.org/W2018368762","https://openalex.org/W2022604404","https://openalex.org/W2023107758","https://openalex.org/W2024558481","https://openalex.org/W2024936688","https://openalex.org/W2025292428","https://openalex.org/W2025423793","https://openalex.org/W2026983884","https://openalex.org/W2029251984","https://openalex.org/W2029664240","https://openalex.org/W2031951021","https://openalex.org/W2032172958","https://openalex.org/W2032347639","https://openalex.org/W2033313066","https://openalex.org/W2034143466","https://openalex.org/W2036499490","https://openalex.org/W2036833311","https://openalex.org/W2039087932","https://openalex.org/W2039352147","https://openalex.org/W2041005037","https://openalex.org/W2042750248","https://openalex.org/W2048762931","https://openalex.org/W2052996681","https://openalex.org/W2053706021","https://openalex.org/W2055986548","https://openalex.org/W2057137683","https://openalex.org/W2061122532","https://openalex.org/W2062102396","https://openalex.org/W2063453733","https://openalex.org/W2063764814","https://openalex.org/W2064229650","https://openalex.org/W2067383622","https://openalex.org/W2069196860","https://openalex.org/W2069729517","https://openalex.org/W2071266985","https://openalex.org/W2071717539","https://openalex.org/W2071921882","https://openalex.org/W2073244205","https://openalex.org/W2074208906","https://openalex.org/W2074734750","https://openalex.org/W2075213726","https://openalex.org/W2075490511","https://openalex.org/W2075667680","https://openalex.org/W2075903097","https://openalex.org/W2078500011","https://openalex.org/W2078700125","https://openalex.org/W2078719590","https://openalex.org/W2084325592","https://openalex.org/W2090403607","https://openalex.org/W2096477553","https://openalex.org/W2096913756","https://openalex.org/W2098525258","https://openalex.org/W2102501371","https://openalex.org/W2103993855","https://openalex.org/W2106598032","https://openalex.org/W2110540540","https://openalex.org/W2122147892","https://openalex.org/W2123682588","https://openalex.org/W2127735574","https://openalex.org/W2129942937","https://openalex.org/W2138303308","https://openalex.org/W2139215462","https://openalex.org/W2139327163","https://openalex.org/W2147230002","https://openalex.org/W2147231692","https://openalex.org/W2182725490","https://openalex.org/W2189763094","https://openalex.org/W2313226498","https://openalex.org/W2322825431","https://openalex.org/W2339640445","https://openalex.org/W2396581067","https://openalex.org/W2398054550","https://openalex.org/W2403965239","https://openalex.org/W2408512872","https://openalex.org/W2408793740","https://openalex.org/W2408834495","https://openalex.org/W2409444371","https://openalex.org/W2416279842","https://openalex.org/W2418089222","https://openalex.org/W2419243998","https://openalex.org/W2462519707","https://openalex.org/W2467318560","https://openalex.org/W2521733242","https://openalex.org/W2528859330","https://openalex.org/W2734555480","https://openalex.org/W4233994136","https://openalex.org/W4236222752","https://openalex.org/W4242031217","https://openalex.org/W4245052532","https://openalex.org/W4255462270","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4290197492","https://openalex.org/W4300604802","https://openalex.org/W6674419676"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7101407457","https://openalex.org/W2189298832","https://openalex.org/W4206273990","https://openalex.org/W2100316165","https://openalex.org/W6930895873","https://openalex.org/W2130149993","https://openalex.org/W1971087767","https://openalex.org/W2029547542","https://openalex.org/W2196370004","https://openalex.org/W2466816182"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,48,69],"use":[1,200],"of":[2,38,63,81,128,136,170,178,201,218],"sunscreen":[3,39,53,114,186,204],"products":[4,40,115,189,205],"has":[5,143],"been":[6,163],"advocated":[7],"by":[8,21],"many":[9],"health":[10,195,215],"care":[11],"practitioners":[12],"as":[13,216],"a":[14,29,60,193,208],"means":[15],"to":[16,31,51,91,112,125,165,222],"reduce":[17,223],"skin":[18],"damage":[19],"produced":[20],"ultraviolet":[22],"radiation":[23],"(UVR)":[24],"from":[25],"sunlight.":[26],"There":[27],"is":[28,59,94,183],"need":[30,111],"better":[32],"understand":[33],"the":[34,77,105,126,133,167,198],"efficacy":[35,103],"and":[36,107,120,130,140,151,210],"safety":[37,127],"given":[41],"this":[42,176],"ongoing":[43],"campaign":[44],"encouraging":[45],"their":[46],"use.":[47],"approach":[49],"used":[50,138],"establish":[52],"efficacy,":[54],"sun":[55],"protection":[56],"factor":[57],"(SPF),":[58],"useful":[61],"assessment":[62],"primarily":[64],"UVB":[65,119,129],"(290-320":[66],"nm)":[67],"filters.":[68],"SPF":[70],"test,":[71],"however,":[72],"does":[73],"not":[74,191],"adequately":[75],"assess":[76],"complete":[78],"photoprotective":[79],"profile":[80],"sunscreens":[82,142,161],"specifically":[83],"against":[84],"long":[85],"wavelength":[86],"UVAI":[87],"(340-400":[88],"nm).":[89],"Moreover,":[90],"date,":[92],"there":[93],"no":[95],"singular,":[96],"agreed":[97],"upon":[98],"method":[99],"for":[100],"evaluating":[101],"UVA":[102,121,131],"despite":[104],"immediate":[106],"seemingly":[108],"urgent":[109],"consumer":[110],"develop":[113],"that":[116,185],"provide":[117],"broad-spectrum":[118,203],"photoprotection.":[122],"With":[123],"regard":[124],"filters,":[132],"current":[134],"list":[135],"commonly":[137],"organic":[139],"inorganic":[141],"favorable":[144,211],"toxicological":[145],"profiles":[146],"based":[147,174],"on":[148,175,213],"acute,":[149],"subchronic":[150],"chronic":[152],"animal":[153],"or":[154,188],"human":[155,194],"studies.":[156],"Further,":[157,197],"in":[158],"most":[159],"studies,":[160],"have":[162,207],"shown":[164],"prevent":[166],"damaging":[168],"effects":[169],"UVR":[171,224],"exposure.":[172,225],"Thus,":[173],"review":[177],"currently":[179],"available":[180],"data,":[181],"it":[182],"concluded":[184],"ingredients":[187],"do":[190],"pose":[192],"concern.":[196],"regular":[199],"appropriate":[202],"could":[206],"significant":[209],"impact":[212],"public":[214],"part":[217],"an":[219],"overall":[220],"strategy":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}