{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2035680910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.38.1.761","title":"Extragalactic Results from the Infrared Space Observatory","display_name":"Extragalactic Results from the Infrared Space Observatory","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2035680910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.38.1.761","mag":"2035680910"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.38.1.761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.38.1.761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.38.1.761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S29882555","display_name":"Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics","issn_l":"0066-4146","issn":["0066-4146","1545-4282"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0002184","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032049136","display_name":"R. Genzel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2767-9653","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2767-9653"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321434546","display_name":"European Southern Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qtasp15","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321434546"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091772","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4bwe12","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210091772"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128565","display_name":"CEA Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03n15ch10","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["DE","FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reinhard Genzel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley","European Southern Observatory, Garching, FRG;","Max-Planck Institut f\u00fcr extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Garching, FRG;","Service d'Astrophysique, DAPNIA/DSM, CEA Saclay, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Southern Observatory, Garching, FRG;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321434546"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck Institut f\u00fcr extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Garching, FRG;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091772"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Service d'Astrophysique, DAPNIA/DSM, CEA Saclay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028494625","display_name":"Catherine J. Cesarsky","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321434546","display_name":"European Southern Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qtasp15","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321434546"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091772","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4bwe12","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210091772"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128565","display_name":"CEA Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03n15ch10","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["DE","FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine J. Cesarsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley","European Southern Observatory, Garching, FRG;","Max-Planck Institut f\u00fcr extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Garching, FRG;","Service d'Astrophysique, DAPNIA/DSM, CEA Saclay, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Southern Observatory, Garching, FRG;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321434546"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck Institut f\u00fcr extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Garching, FRG;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091772"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Service d'Astrophysique, DAPNIA/DSM, CEA Saclay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6819,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":272,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79411765,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"1","first_page":"761","last_page":"814"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10477","display_name":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10039","display_name":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-space-observatory","display_name":"Infrared Space Observatory","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-galactic-nuclei","display_name":"active galactic nuclei","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/star-formation","display_name":"star formation","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-redshift-galaxies","display_name":"high-redshift galaxies","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-spectroscopy","display_name":"infrared spectroscopy","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-imaging","display_name":"infrared imaging","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-surveys","display_name":"infrared surveys","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galaxy-evolution","display_name":"galaxy evolution","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iras-galaxies","display_name":"IRAS galaxies","score":0.38999998569488525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8884000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.7555000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.6444000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.6335999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202228572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148578","display_name":"Space observatory","level":3,"score":0.6284999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79499522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899970","display_name":"Infrared astronomy","level":3,"score":0.579200029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89108925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1565388","display_name":"Luminous infrared galaxy","level":3,"score":0.4961000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125857072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16744","display_name":"Star formation","level":3,"score":0.47440001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139809296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502038","display_name":"Extragalactic astronomy","level":4,"score":0.4738999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779919027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62832","display_name":"Observatory","level":2,"score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4535999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60318249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5174142","display_name":"Cosmic infrared background","level":4,"score":0.44449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43481613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46587","display_name":"Active galactic nucleus","level":3,"score":0.41359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29985326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58908","display_name":"Galactic astronomy","level":4,"score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55504214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1852","display_name":"X-ray astronomy","level":3,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987154437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192593","display_name":"Thermal emission","level":3,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96141758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216817","display_name":"Emission spectrum","level":3,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778757428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250464","display_name":"Realm","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988237194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broad band","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.38.1.761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.38.1.761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.38.1.761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S29882555","display_name":"Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics","issn_l":"0066-4146","issn":["0066-4146","1545-4282"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:astro-ph/0002184","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0002184","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0002184","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:426154","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/426154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0002184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0002184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0002184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:astro-ph/0002184","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0002184","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0002184","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2035680910.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2035680910.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":234,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40602072","https://openalex.org/W64447540","https://openalex.org/W245429135","https://openalex.org/W1484400061","https://openalex.org/W1489235798","https://openalex.org/W1492972489","https://openalex.org/W1518747726","https://openalex.org/W1570819681","https://openalex.org/W1607434071","https://openalex.org/W1623182580","https://openalex.org/W1629829263","https://openalex.org/W1665493422","https://openalex.org/W1681063222","https://openalex.org/W1963821165","https://openalex.org/W1964196558","https://openalex.org/W1964417255","https://openalex.org/W1964757248","https://openalex.org/W1967646461","https://openalex.org/W1968057618","https://openalex.org/W1968470555","https://openalex.org/W1968646907","https://openalex.org/W1968853899","https://openalex.org/W1969524192","https://openalex.org/W1971491891","https://openalex.org/W1973443759","https://openalex.org/W1974315100","https://openalex.org/W1974745276","https://openalex.org/W1975641089","https://openalex.org/W1977423663","https://openalex.org/W1977521416","https://openalex.org/W1981196916","https://openalex.org/W1981525549","https://openalex.org/W1981528645","https://openalex.org/W1982726001","https://openalex.org/W1983125654","https://openalex.org/W1983818684","https://openalex.org/W1985415508","https://openalex.org/W1985758712","https://openalex.org/W1986251797","https://openalex.org/W1987272666","https://openalex.org/W1989879402","https://openalex.org/W1990073764","https://openalex.org/W1990307162","https://openalex.org/W1990623059","https://openalex.org/W1992259562","https://openalex.org/W1992766881","https://openalex.org/W1993839984","https://openalex.org/W1994703407","https://openalex.org/W1996689021","https://openalex.org/W1997289164","https://openalex.org/W1999299181","https://openalex.org/W2000685740","https://openalex.org/W2001441366","https://openalex.org/W2002197327","https://openalex.org/W2003858398","https://openalex.org/W2004015714","https://openalex.org/W2004310296","https://openalex.org/W2004959618","https://openalex.org/W2005456343","https://openalex.org/W2006869439","https://openalex.org/W2007088574","https://openalex.org/W2007156045","https://openalex.org/W2007199474","https://openalex.org/W2007442140","https://openalex.org/W2007541593","https://openalex.org/W2008451351","https://openalex.org/W2009399083","https://openalex.org/W2010306267","https://openalex.org/W2011801973","https://openalex.org/W2012757225","https://openalex.org/W2012897763","https://openalex.org/W2014841467","https://openalex.org/W2015084305","https://openalex.org/W2016829294","https://openalex.org/W2017055895","https://openalex.org/W2017100570","https://openalex.org/W2017219295","https://openalex.org/W2017530834","https://openalex.org/W2019716085","https://openalex.org/W2021273267","https://openalex.org/W2022082918","https://openalex.org/W2022728988","https://openalex.org/W2024000946","https://openalex.org/W2025107042","https://openalex.org/W2027415296","https://openalex.org/W2027950939","https://openalex.org/W2029974636","https://openalex.org/W2030945938","https://openalex.org/W2031281475","https://openalex.org/W2031374031","https://openalex.org/W2032232442","https://openalex.org/W2033086896","https://openalex.org/W2033343088","https://openalex.org/W2033845254","https://openalex.org/W2034007345","https://openalex.org/W2034397708","https://openalex.org/W2034688483","https://openalex.org/W2034797841","https://openalex.org/W2034873814","https://openalex.org/W2035304216","https://openalex.org/W2036751616","https://openalex.org/W2036899795","https://openalex.org/W2038688917","https://openalex.org/W2039461358","https://openalex.org/W2039851596","https://openalex.org/W2042144629","https://openalex.org/W2042281868","https://openalex.org/W2043210885","https://openalex.org/W2044681919","https://openalex.org/W2045213752","https://openalex.org/W2046620005","https://openalex.org/W2047010850","https://openalex.org/W2047950144","https://openalex.org/W2047971559","https://openalex.org/W2047988657","https://openalex.org/W2049440395","https://openalex.org/W2050979061","https://openalex.org/W2051870329","https://openalex.org/W2053032772","https://openalex.org/W2055763400","https://openalex.org/W2056003967","https://openalex.org/W2056109290","https://openalex.org/W2056312381","https://openalex.org/W2057672934","https://openalex.org/W2058269171","https://openalex.org/W2058958619","https://openalex.org/W2058969567","https://openalex.org/W2059320795","https://openalex.org/W2059577422","https://openalex.org/W2060422077","https://openalex.org/W2063361568","https://openalex.org/W2063808635","https://openalex.org/W2064174537","https://openalex.org/W2064547019","https://openalex.org/W2064632428","https://openalex.org/W2065258338","https://openalex.org/W2065818008","https://openalex.org/W2065961694","https://openalex.org/W2066476528","https://openalex.org/W2067496121","https://openalex.org/W2069393127","https://openalex.org/W2070696493","https://openalex.org/W2072290200","https://openalex.org/W2072426537","https://openalex.org/W2073285288","https://openalex.org/W2073752305","https://openalex.org/W2074188509","https://openalex.org/W2074922902","https://openalex.org/W2075934357","https://openalex.org/W2076783262","https://openalex.org/W2077581506","https://openalex.org/W2078001023","https://openalex.org/W2078289602","https://openalex.org/W2078849275","https://openalex.org/W2079591510","https://openalex.org/W2079969511","https://openalex.org/W2080005391","https://openalex.org/W2082357212","https://openalex.org/W2082616205","https://openalex.org/W2084604096","https://openalex.org/W2085098780","https://openalex.org/W2085713960","https://openalex.org/W2086105458","https://openalex.org/W2087394131","https://openalex.org/W2088141225","https://openalex.org/W2090395333","https://openalex.org/W2090436495","https://openalex.org/W2090649567","https://openalex.org/W2090972910","https://openalex.org/W2093857364","https://openalex.org/W2093906672","https://openalex.org/W2094607309","https://openalex.org/W2094868035","https://openalex.org/W2095369941","https://openalex.org/W2096676597","https://openalex.org/W2097659319","https://openalex.org/W2098108811","https://openalex.org/W2100629013","https://openalex.org/W2104012283","https://openalex.org/W2105670682","https://openalex.org/W2105889014","https://openalex.org/W2106459127","https://openalex.org/W2108041495","https://openalex.org/W2109966304","https://openalex.org/W2110294314","https://openalex.org/W2113448636","https://openalex.org/W2113789145","https://openalex.org/W2113922560","https://openalex.org/W2114635592","https://openalex.org/W2117498839","https://openalex.org/W2117629212","https://openalex.org/W2123310675","https://openalex.org/W2124219338","https://openalex.org/W2124906708","https://openalex.org/W2125067464","https://openalex.org/W2125316716","https://openalex.org/W2130455481","https://openalex.org/W2131287406","https://openalex.org/W2131382718","https://openalex.org/W2131522386","https://openalex.org/W2132073473","https://openalex.org/W2132256246","https://openalex.org/W2133827021","https://openalex.org/W2137388102","https://openalex.org/W2140887005","https://openalex.org/W2143213816","https://openalex.org/W2145618229","https://openalex.org/W2146610511","https://openalex.org/W2149063305","https://openalex.org/W2155122056","https://openalex.org/W2155216267","https://openalex.org/W2163171108","https://openalex.org/W2163945490","https://openalex.org/W2166541696","https://openalex.org/W2168125773","https://openalex.org/W2168495929","https://openalex.org/W2168546027","https://openalex.org/W2171225330","https://openalex.org/W2296988908","https://openalex.org/W2298083638","https://openalex.org/W2333656526","https://openalex.org/W2950903747","https://openalex.org/W2950926817","https://openalex.org/W3105168220","https://openalex.org/W3106438263","https://openalex.org/W3106526798","https://openalex.org/W3155562432","https://openalex.org/W4229911777","https://openalex.org/W4231796823","https://openalex.org/W4245172244","https://openalex.org/W4248052252","https://openalex.org/W4255125579","https://openalex.org/W6675265372","https://openalex.org/W6816084858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512883625","https://openalex.org/W2093994383","https://openalex.org/W3101519829","https://openalex.org/W2490551811","https://openalex.org/W1965539758","https://openalex.org/W1664271012","https://openalex.org/W3017789923","https://openalex.org/W1995365319","https://openalex.org/W3103490881","https://openalex.org/W2292266745"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u25aa":[0],"Abstract":[1],"More":[2],"than":[3],"a":[4,81],"decade":[5],"ago":[6],"the":[7,11,19,38,42,46,73,86,89,94,102,106,120,126],"IRAS":[8],"satellite":[9],"opened":[10],"realm":[12],"of":[13,30,32,41,61,83,88,109,122,130],"external":[14],"galaxies":[15,63],"for":[16,101],"studies":[17],"in":[18,50,72,97,116,125],"10":[20],"to":[21],"100":[22],"\u03bcm":[23],"band":[24],"and":[25,34,59,75,92,128],"discovered":[26],"emission":[27,108],"from":[28],"tens":[29],"thousands":[31],"normal":[33],"active":[35],"galaxies.":[36,98,112,131],"With":[37],"1995\u20131998":[39],"mission":[40],"Infrared":[43],"Space":[44],"Observatory1,":[45],"next":[47],"major":[48],"steps":[49],"extragalactic":[51,117],"infrared":[52,107],"astronomy":[53,118],"became":[54],"possible:":[55],"detailed":[56],"imaging,":[57],"spectroscopy,":[58],"spectrophotometry":[60],"many":[62],"detected":[64],"by":[65],"IRAS,":[66],"as":[67,69],"well":[68],"deep":[70],"surveys":[71,100],"mid-":[74],"far-IR.":[76],"The":[77],"spectroscopic":[78],"data":[79],"reveal":[80],"wealth":[82],"detail":[84],"about":[85,93],"nature":[87],"energy":[90],"source(s)":[91],"physical":[95],"conditions":[96],"ISO's":[99,113],"first":[103],"time":[104],"explore":[105],"distant,":[110],"high-redshift":[111],"main":[114],"theme":[115],"is":[119],"role":[121],"star":[123],"formation":[124],"activity":[127],"evolution":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}