{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2035518525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1997.87.10.1046","title":"Ascospore Release and Infection of Apple Leaves by Conidia and Ascospores of Venturia inaequalis at Low Temperatures","display_name":"Ascospore Release and Infection of Apple Leaves by Conidia and Ascospores of Venturia inaequalis at Low Temperatures","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2035518525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1997.87.10.1046","mag":"2035518525","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18945039"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1094/phyto.1997.87.10.1046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1997.87.10.1046","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1997.87.10.1046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85201822","display_name":"Phytopathology","issn_l":"0031-949X","issn":["0031-949X","1943-7684"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320276","host_organization_name":"American Phytopathological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320276"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Phytopathological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phytopathology\u00ae","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030860243","display_name":"Arne Stensvand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8630-2434","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8630-2434"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arne Stensvand","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054582848","display_name":"David M. Gadoury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2258-6359","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2258-6359"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David M. Gadoury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corresponding author: D. M. Gadoury; E-mail address: \r\n                    E-mail Address:\r\n                    [email\u00a0protected]","E-mail address: \n                    E-mail Address:\n                    [email\u00a0protected]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corresponding author: D. M. Gadoury; E-mail address: \r\n                    E-mail Address:\r\n                    [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"E-mail address: \n                    E-mail Address:\n                    [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087900018","display_name":"Terje Amundsen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terje Amundsen","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001626579","display_name":"Lars Semb","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Semb","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031920658","display_name":"Robert C. Seem","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert C. Seem","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0083,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9487773,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"87","issue":"10","first_page":"1046","last_page":"1053"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11900","display_name":"Fungal Plant Pathogen Control","score":0.34470000863075256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11900","display_name":"Fungal Plant Pathogen Control","score":0.34470000863075256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10825","display_name":"Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases","score":0.25049999356269836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13214","display_name":"Powdery Mildew Fungal Diseases","score":0.2134999930858612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/venturia-inaequalis","display_name":"Venturia inaequalis","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apple-scab","display_name":"apple scab","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ascospore-discharge","display_name":"ascospore discharge","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conidia","display_name":"conidia","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-temperature","display_name":"low temperature","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-wetness-duration","display_name":"leaf wetness duration","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apple-leaves","display_name":"apple leaves","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-inoculation","display_name":"disease inoculation","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wettable-powder","display_name":"wettable powder","score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fungicide-efficacy","display_name":"fungicide efficacy","score":0.3400000035762787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777083264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2445285","display_name":"Ascospore","level":3,"score":0.9913994073867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778358966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10675708","display_name":"Venturia inaequalis","level":3,"score":0.9833356738090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.850019097328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43143990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612960","display_name":"Conidium","level":2,"score":0.7489873170852661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780087045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618365","display_name":"Apple scab","level":3,"score":0.6621628999710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.541553258895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.5235811471939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780215729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508883","display_name":"Leaf wetness","level":2,"score":0.5058035850524902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174618031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177332","display_name":"Spore","level":2,"score":0.3725941777229309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74600772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193237","display_name":"Fungicide","level":2,"score":0.22881972789764404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1094/phyto.1997.87.10.1046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1997.87.10.1046","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1997.87.10.1046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85201822","display_name":"Phytopathology","issn_l":"0031-949X","issn":["0031-949X","1943-7684"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320276","host_organization_name":"American Phytopathological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320276"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Phytopathological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phytopathology\u00ae","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18945039","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18945039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phytopathology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.732699990272522,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74843664","https://openalex.org/W94309298","https://openalex.org/W143753599","https://openalex.org/W989076520","https://openalex.org/W1503576564","https://openalex.org/W1829548972","https://openalex.org/W1990921413","https://openalex.org/W2010766627","https://openalex.org/W2013943976","https://openalex.org/W2031973746","https://openalex.org/W2052708447","https://openalex.org/W2058775362","https://openalex.org/W2060263651","https://openalex.org/W2070136502","https://openalex.org/W2073267437","https://openalex.org/W2076299746","https://openalex.org/W2079071927","https://openalex.org/W2080754897","https://openalex.org/W2086560622","https://openalex.org/W2088931541","https://openalex.org/W2095413846","https://openalex.org/W2098132925","https://openalex.org/W2099499476","https://openalex.org/W2124045500","https://openalex.org/W2322745537","https://openalex.org/W2334262334","https://openalex.org/W2799729826","https://openalex.org/W4210310779"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144678118","https://openalex.org/W2969358557","https://openalex.org/W2085825271","https://openalex.org/W2076299746","https://openalex.org/W2316371114","https://openalex.org/W2098132925","https://openalex.org/W2115368288","https://openalex.org/W2109099343","https://openalex.org/W2121407987","https://openalex.org/W2160761870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Mills'":[1,52],"infection":[2,24,70,83,134,145,170,354,360,393,415,421,441],"period":[3,355,429],"table":[4,53,79,90,106],"describes":[5],"the":[6,40,78,89,105,113,127,144,159,182,194,206,254,312,330,337,342,345,350,384,390,403,428,432,435,451,457],"number":[7],"of":[8,10,25,30,42,64,104,111,115,161,175,185,219,263,273,305,315,344,386,405,409,434,440,450,453,459],"hours":[9],"continuous":[11],"leaf":[12,43,69,316],"wetness":[13,44,317],"required":[14,45,67,213,257,287,310,391,419],"at":[15,48,123,138,178,197,224,230,236,243,279,320,366,463,465],"temperatures":[16,163,321,464],"from":[17,322],"6":[18,74,148,208,237],"to":[19,142,157,214,258,324,353,396,424,431],"25":[20],"degrees":[21,75,149,180,199,226,232,238,245,252,285,326,370,469],"C":[22,150,286],"for":[23,68,132,362,399,411,420,443],"apple":[26,275,307],"leaves":[27],"by":[28,46,71,130,135,171,277,334,422],"ascospores":[29,47,72,186,202,278,319,363,376,423,444],"Venturia":[31],"inaequalis":[32],"and":[33,96,125,169,190,240,250,268,283,291,364,372,377,389,413,456],"reports":[34],"that":[35,59],"conidia":[36,309,365,378],"require":[37],"approximately":[38,311],"two-thirds":[39],"duration":[41],"any":[49],"given":[50],"temperature.":[51],"also":[54],"provides":[55],"a":[56,101,108,216,260,406],"general":[57],"guideline":[58],"more":[60],"than":[61,86,298,329],"2":[62,225,323,468],"days":[63],"wetting":[65],"is":[66,80],"below":[73,147,368,467],"C.":[76,246,470],"Although":[77],"widely":[81],"used,":[82],"times":[84,128,146,256,297,332,339,361,394,418,442],"shorter":[85,296,331,358],"those":[87],"in":[88,94,341,448],"have":[91],"been":[92],"reported":[93,129,333,340],"lab":[95],"field":[97],"studies.":[98],"In":[99,173,193,302],"1989":[100],"published":[102],"revision":[103,343],"eliminated":[107],"potential":[109],"source":[110],"error,":[112],"delay":[114,452],"ascospore":[116,133,165,167,387,436,454,461],"release":[117,184],"until":[118],"dawn":[119],"when":[120],"rain":[121],"begins":[122],"night,":[124],"shortened":[126],"Mills":[131,335,346],"3":[136],"h":[137],"all":[139],"temperatures.":[140],"Data":[141],"support":[143],"were":[151,203,265,300],"lacking,":[152],"however.":[153],"Our":[154],"objective":[155],"was":[156,221],"quantify":[158],"effects":[160],"low":[162],"on":[164,417],"discharge,":[166],"infection,":[168],"conidia.":[172],"two":[174],"three":[176],"experiments":[177],"1":[179,198],"C,":[181,200,227,233,239,253,327,371],"initial":[183],"occurred":[187],"after":[188],"131":[189],"153":[191],"min.":[192],"third":[195],"experiment":[196],"no":[201],"detected":[204],"during":[205,383,427],"first":[207],"h.":[209],"The":[210],"mean":[211,255],"time":[212],"exceed":[215,259],"cumulative":[217,261],"catch":[218,262],"1%":[220],"143":[222],"min":[223,229,235,242],"67":[228],"4":[231],"56":[234],"40":[241],"8":[244,251,284,325,369],"At":[247],"4,":[248,281],"6,":[249,282],"5%":[264],"103,":[266],"84,":[267],"53":[269],"min,":[270],"respectively.":[271],"Infection":[272],"potted":[274,306],"trees":[276],"2,":[280],"35,":[288],"28,":[289],"18,":[290],"13":[292],"h,":[293],"respectively;":[294],"substantially":[295],"previously":[299],"reported.":[301],"parallel":[303],"inoculations":[304],"trees,":[308],"same":[313],"periods":[314],"as":[318],"rather":[328],"or":[336,367,466],"longer":[338],"table.":[347],"We":[348],"propose":[349],"following":[351],"revisions":[352,439],"tables:":[356],"(i)":[357],"minimum":[359,392],"(ii)":[373],"because":[374],"both":[375,400],"are":[379],"often":[380],"present":[381],"simultaneously":[382],"season":[385],"production":[388],"appear":[395],"be":[397,425,446],"similar":[398],"spore":[401],"types,":[402],"adoption":[404],"uniform":[407],"set":[408],"criteria":[410],"ascosporic":[412],"conidial":[414],"based":[416],"applied":[426],"prior":[430],"exhaustion":[433],"supply.":[437],"Further":[438],"may":[445],"warranted":[447],"view":[449],"discharge":[455],"reduction":[458],"airborne":[460],"doses":[462]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
