{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2035283232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/b2725","title":"Exploring Isovist Fields: Space and Shape in Architectural and Urban Morphology","display_name":"Exploring Isovist Fields: Space and Shape in Architectural and Urban Morphology","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2035283232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/b2725","mag":"2035283232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1068/b2725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/b2725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1068/b2725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169418","display_name":"Environment and Planning B Planning and Design","issn_l":"0265-8135","issn":["0265-8135","1472-3417"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003307854","display_name":"Michael Batty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9931-1305","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9931-1305"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Batty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis (CASA), University College London, 1\u201319 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis (CASA), University College London, 1\u201319 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003307854"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":46.5335,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":387,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99673032,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":"123","last_page":"150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13133","display_name":"Architecture and Art History Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-field","display_name":"visual field","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-morphology","display_name":"architectural morphology","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-morphology","display_name":"urban morphology","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometric-measure","display_name":"geometric measure","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compactness","display_name":"compactness","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convexity","display_name":"convexity","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-perception","display_name":"spatial perception","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-perception","display_name":"motion perception","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-partitioning","display_name":"spatial partitioning","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tate-gallery","display_name":"Tate Gallery","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regent-street","display_name":"Regent Street","score":0.9900000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.6248454451560974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72134830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166524","display_name":"Convexity","level":2,"score":0.6052106022834778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6037513613700867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6025529503822327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5774741768836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5137794613838196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48558300733566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47610318660736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.42914408445358276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7305733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207961","display_name":"Geometric shape","level":2,"score":0.4192013740539551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.4159528613090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.2884448170661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1068/b2725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/b2725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1068/b2725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169418","display_name":"Environment and Planning B Planning and Design","issn_l":"0265-8135","issn":["0265-8135","1472-3417"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.119.5783","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.119.5783","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.envplan.com/epb/fulltext/b28/b2725.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pio:envirb:v:28:y:2001:i:1:p:123-150","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=b2725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:envirb:v:28:y:2001:i:1:p:123-150","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1068/b2725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:156660","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/156660/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-PLANNING &amp; DESIGN , 28 (1) pp. 123-150. (2001)","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483928320","https://openalex.org/W1503549511","https://openalex.org/W1980199708","https://openalex.org/W2007103920","https://openalex.org/W2019789576","https://openalex.org/W2041363462","https://openalex.org/W2054837909","https://openalex.org/W2092291476","https://openalex.org/W2094658339","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2149041888","https://openalex.org/W2279508949","https://openalex.org/W2316753634","https://openalex.org/W2981459209","https://openalex.org/W4254962106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097407578","https://openalex.org/W4254930356","https://openalex.org/W2149041888","https://openalex.org/W7097861619","https://openalex.org/W2265619080","https://openalex.org/W2797271734","https://openalex.org/W4417364989","https://openalex.org/W749463064","https://openalex.org/W7020051927","https://openalex.org/W25341871"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"space":[1,223],"that":[2,37,104,181,235],"can":[3,89,161,202],"be":[4,46,114,163,203],"seen":[5],"from":[6,190],"any":[7],"vantage":[8],"point":[9],"is":[10],"called":[11],"an":[12],"isovist":[13,28,178,229],"and":[14,60,73,85,93,99,123,138,149,176,195,221],"the":[15,105,118,150,153,191,228],"set":[16],"of":[17,40,58,107,121,152,156,167,193,208,217,227],"such":[18,43,83,159,171,200],"spaces":[19],"forms":[20],"a":[21,55,77,115,214],"visual":[22,182],"field":[23],"whose":[24],"extent":[25],"defines":[26],"different":[27,32],"fields":[29,44,108,183,230],"based":[30,67,109,134,142],"on":[31,68,110,135,143],"geometric":[33,50,65],"properties.":[34,51],"I":[35,52,75,102,129,205],"suggest":[36,76],"our":[38],"perceptions":[39],"moving":[41],"within":[42],"might":[45],"related":[47],"to":[48,117],"these":[49,111],"begin":[53],"with":[54,213,232],"formal":[56],"representation":[57],"isovists":[59],"their":[61,91,185],"fields,":[62,84],"introducing":[63],"simple":[64,136],"measures":[66,112],"distance,":[69],"area,":[70],"perimeter,":[71],"compactness,":[72],"convexity.":[74],"feasible":[78],"computational":[79],"scheme":[80],"for":[81],"measuring":[82],"illustrate":[86,198],"how":[87,199],"we":[88],"visualize":[90],"spatial":[92],"statistical":[94],"properties":[95,226],"by":[96,224],"using":[97],"maps":[98],"frequency":[100],"distributions.":[101],"argue":[103],"classification":[106],"must":[113],"prerequisite":[116],"proper":[119],"analysis":[120,179,201],"architectural":[122],"urban":[124],"morphologies.":[125],"To":[126,197],"this":[127],"end,":[128],"present":[130],"two":[131],"hypothetical":[132],"examples":[133,141],"geometries":[137],"three":[139],"real":[140],"London's":[144],"Tate":[145],"Gallery,":[146],"Regent":[147],"Street,":[148],"centre":[151],"English":[154],"town":[155],"Wolverhampton.":[157],"Although":[158],"morphologies":[160],"often":[162],"understood":[164],"in":[165],"terms":[166],"basic":[168],"geometrical":[169],"elements":[170],"as":[172],"corridors,":[173],"streets,":[174],"rooms,":[175],"squares,":[177],"suggests":[180],"have":[184],"own":[186],"form":[187],"which":[188],"results":[189],"interaction":[192],"geometry":[194],"movement.":[196],"used,":[204],"outline":[206],"methods":[207],"partitioning":[209],"space,":[210],"covering":[211],"it":[212],"small":[215],"number":[216],"relatively":[218],"independent":[219],"isovists,":[220],"perceiving":[222],"recording":[225],"associated":[231],"paths":[233],"through":[234],"space.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
