{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2034675169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1743(199701/02)14:1<45::aid-sres151>3.0.co;2-y","title":"Entropy, Social Entropy and Money: A Living Systems Theory Perspective","display_name":"Entropy, Social Entropy and Money: A Living Systems Theory Perspective","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2034675169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1743(199701/02)14:1<45::aid-sres151>3.0.co;2-y","mag":"2034675169"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1743(199701/02)14:1<45::aid-sres151>3.0.co;2-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1743(199701/02)14:1<45::aid-sres151>3.0.co;2-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1743(199701/02)14:1<45::aid-sres151>3.0.co;2-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126013225","display_name":"Systems Research and Behavioral Science","issn_l":"1092-7026","issn":["1092-7026","1099-1743"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems Research and Behavioral Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114070318","display_name":"G. A. Swanson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G. A. Swanson","raw_affiliation_strings":["1041 Skyline Drive, Monterey TN 38574, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1041 Skyline Drive, Monterey TN 38574, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008547009","display_name":"Kenneth D. Bailey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3657-2532","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3657-2532"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth D. Bailey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology, 264 Haines Hall, University of California, Box 951551, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, 264 Haines Hall, University of California, Box 951551, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111604222","display_name":"James Grier Miller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4394709095","display_name":"Bioing\u00e9nierie, Tissus et Neuroplasticit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/00syfc790","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197681013","https://openalex.org/I2800365227","https://openalex.org/I4394709095"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Grier Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["2042 Via Casa Alta La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2042 Via Casa Alta La Jolla, CA 92037, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709095"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114070318"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5242,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58162287,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"45","last_page":"65"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14299","display_name":"Complex Systems and Dynamics","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14299","display_name":"Complex Systems and Dynamics","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10785","display_name":"Economic Theory and Institutions","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy-information-theory","display_name":"entropy (information theory)","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-entropy","display_name":"social entropy","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/money","display_name":"money","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/living-systems-theory","display_name":"living systems theory","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-systems","display_name":"social systems","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disorganization","display_name":"disorganization","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-organization","display_name":"social organization","score":0.43700000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126518247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q266878","display_name":"Social entropy","level":5,"score":0.7413892149925232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179133015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639378","display_name":"Social system","level":2,"score":0.5782421231269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5621971487998962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131222","display_name":"Information theory","level":2,"score":0.4679739773273468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.45747801661491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49775889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795896","display_name":"Maximum entropy thermodynamics","level":4,"score":0.45647674798965454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.43352049589157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4325457811355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42047476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6269544","display_name":"Joint quantum entropy","level":3,"score":0.36915451288223267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.365095853805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130064352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relation","level":2,"score":0.3606598973274231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.3522304892539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33813926577568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.3241760730743408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.24679705500602722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9679016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","level":2,"score":0.24641412496566772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24306628108024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.24199318885803223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.18326294422149658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15567055344581604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140311038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1807498","display_name":"Social position","level":3,"score":0.13148468732833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1284027397632599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.08646777272224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106818632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551178","display_name":"Social inertia","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1743(199701/02)14:1<45::aid-sres151>3.0.co;2-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1743(199701/02)14:1<45::aid-sres151>3.0.co;2-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1743(199701/02)14:1<45::aid-sres151>3.0.co;2-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126013225","display_name":"Systems Research and Behavioral Science","issn_l":"1092-7026","issn":["1092-7026","1099-1743"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems Research and Behavioral Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1743(199701/02)14:1<45::aid-sres151>3.3.co;2-p","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1743(199701/02)14:1<45::aid-sres151>3.3.co;2-p","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1743(199701/02)14:1<45::aid-sres151>3.3.co;2-p","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126013225","display_name":"Systems Research and Behavioral Science","issn_l":"1092-7026","issn":["1092-7026","1099-1743"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems Research and Behavioral Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986497994","https://openalex.org/W1495265597","https://openalex.org/W1606009926","https://openalex.org/W7024870414","https://openalex.org/W2129364730","https://openalex.org/W2007381272","https://openalex.org/W2050164261","https://openalex.org/W2082939744","https://openalex.org/W2584105408","https://openalex.org/W7130939091"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Entropy":[0],"is":[1,14,42],"a":[2],"measure":[3],"of":[4,30,39,48],"system":[5],"disorganization.":[6],"This":[7],"article":[8],"discusses":[9],"how":[10],"entropy":[11,58],"occurs":[12],"and":[13,19,37,60],"measured":[15],"in":[16,33],"physical,":[17],"biological":[18],"social":[20,26,40,49,57],"systems,":[21],"with":[22],"particular":[23],"emphasis":[24],"on":[25],"systems.":[27],"The":[28,51],"role":[29],"money-information":[31],"markers":[32],"the":[34],"recurring":[35],"organization":[36],"disorganization":[38],"entities":[41],"identified":[43],"as":[44],"an":[45],"important":[46],"aspect":[47],"entropy.":[50],"discussion":[52],"integrates":[53],"living":[54],"systems":[55],"theory,":[56,59],"macro":[61],"accounting":[62],"theory.":[63],"\u00a9":[64],"1997":[65],"by":[66],"John":[67],"Wiley":[68],"&":[69],"Sons,":[70],"Ltd.":[71]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}