{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2034497007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aci.0b013e3282f4178f","title":"Role of staphylococcal superantigens in upper airway disease","display_name":"Role of staphylococcal superantigens in upper airway disease","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2034497007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aci.0b013e3282f4178f","mag":"2034497007","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18188015"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/aci.0b013e3282f4178f","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aci.0b013e3282f4178f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aci.0b013e3282f4178f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13845130","display_name":"Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology","issn_l":"1473-6322","issn":["1473-6322","1528-4050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Opinion in Allergy &amp; Clinical Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055677585","display_name":"Claus Bachert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4742-1665","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4742-1665"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801227569","display_name":"Ghent University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkp704","country_code":"BE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Claus Bachert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ear Nose and Throat Department, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium. claus.bachert@ugent.be","Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ear Nose and Throat Department, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium","to Prof Dr Claus Bachert, MD, PhD, Head, Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Chief of Clinics, ENT-Department, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium E-mail: [email\u00a0protected]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ear Nose and Throat Department, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium. claus.bachert@ugent.be","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ear Nose and Throat Department, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"to Prof Dr Claus Bachert, MD, PhD, Head, Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Chief of Clinics, ENT-Department, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium E-mail: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331294","display_name":"Nan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6978-7695","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6978-7695"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801227569","display_name":"Ghent University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkp704","country_code":"BE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ear Nose and Throat Department, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ear Nose and Throat Department, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075982512","display_name":"Joke Patou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801227569","display_name":"Ghent University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkp704","country_code":"BE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joke Patou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ear Nose and Throat Department, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ear Nose and Throat Department, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041919909","display_name":"Thibaut Van Zele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-4293","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-4293"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801227569","display_name":"Ghent University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkp704","country_code":"BE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thibaut van Zele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ear Nose and Throat Department, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ear Nose and Throat Department, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090361830","display_name":"Philippe Gevaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1629-8468","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1629-8468"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801227569","display_name":"Ghent University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkp704","country_code":"BE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philippe Gevaert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ear Nose and Throat Department, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ear Nose and Throat Department, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055677585"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.7644,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":241,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99676061,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"34","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10984","display_name":"Sinusitis and nasal conditions","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2733","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10984","display_name":"Sinusitis and nasal conditions","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2733","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10665","display_name":"Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcal-superantigens","display_name":"staphylococcal superantigens","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus-enterotoxins","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcal-enterotoxin-b","display_name":"staphylococcal enterotoxin B","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-rhinosinusitis-with-nasal-polyps","display_name":"chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-airway-diseases","display_name":"upper airway diseases","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/th2-cytokines","display_name":"Th2 cytokines","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-5","display_name":"IL-5","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunoglobulin-e","display_name":"immunoglobulin E","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-t-cells","display_name":"regulatory T cells","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mast-cell-activation","display_name":"mast cell activation","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-il-5-therapy","display_name":"anti-IL-5 therapy","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-therapy","display_name":"antibiotic therapy","score":0.5669999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36333154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q772950","display_name":"Superantigen","level":4,"score":0.9280917644500732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781390199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8055111","display_name":"Nasal polyps","level":2,"score":0.8299179077148438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7404720783233643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.738898754119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.5338778495788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141105273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79455","display_name":"Immunoglobulin E","level":3,"score":0.5240426659584045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779489039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188121","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","level":3,"score":0.5002903938293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777768476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183344","display_name":"Sinusitis","level":2,"score":0.453095942735672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66999527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421978","display_name":"Enterotoxin","level":4,"score":0.4269503057003021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.41836294531822205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.41807103157043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.24898013472557068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.1587224304676056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11751562356948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547475151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25419","display_name":"Escherichia coli","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001427","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Toxins","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004768","descriptor_name":"Enterotoxins","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007073","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin E","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009298","descriptor_name":"Nasal Polyps","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009298","descriptor_name":"Nasal Polyps","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009298","descriptor_name":"Nasal Polyps","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009298","descriptor_name":"Nasal Polyps","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012852","descriptor_name":"Sinusitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012852","descriptor_name":"Sinusitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012852","descriptor_name":"Sinusitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012852","descriptor_name":"Sinusitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013203","descriptor_name":"Staphylococcal Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013203","descriptor_name":"Staphylococcal Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013203","descriptor_name":"Staphylococcal Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013211","descriptor_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015848","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-5","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018089","descriptor_name":"Superantigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018418","descriptor_name":"Th2 Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018928","descriptor_name":"Immunity, Mucosal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/aci.0b013e3282f4178f","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aci.0b013e3282f4178f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aci.0b013e3282f4178f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13845130","display_name":"Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology","issn_l":"1473-6322","issn":["1473-6322","1528-4050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Opinion in Allergy &amp; Clinical Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18188015","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18188015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:744663","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/744663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1528-4050","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9922999739646912,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W166845267","https://openalex.org/W1512927594","https://openalex.org/W1521212799","https://openalex.org/W1595970546","https://openalex.org/W1655378794","https://openalex.org/W1964519312","https://openalex.org/W1966005746","https://openalex.org/W1966013656","https://openalex.org/W1970080989","https://openalex.org/W1970395153","https://openalex.org/W1974322322","https://openalex.org/W1985669456","https://openalex.org/W1993668404","https://openalex.org/W1994282053","https://openalex.org/W1999395539","https://openalex.org/W2000416469","https://openalex.org/W2002980147","https://openalex.org/W2004627112","https://openalex.org/W2006122901","https://openalex.org/W2007487522","https://openalex.org/W2008251353","https://openalex.org/W2014160888","https://openalex.org/W2014415988","https://openalex.org/W2016279579","https://openalex.org/W2019375891","https://openalex.org/W2023472728","https://openalex.org/W2033785646","https://openalex.org/W2036867429","https://openalex.org/W2048234928","https://openalex.org/W2060791065","https://openalex.org/W2064296795","https://openalex.org/W2073678729","https://openalex.org/W2073934822","https://openalex.org/W2074897148","https://openalex.org/W2077464872","https://openalex.org/W2080629544","https://openalex.org/W2085241425","https://openalex.org/W2090928408","https://openalex.org/W2090991396","https://openalex.org/W2094036101","https://openalex.org/W2096153395","https://openalex.org/W2099791606","https://openalex.org/W2103412818","https://openalex.org/W2108343158","https://openalex.org/W2112051040","https://openalex.org/W2116458521","https://openalex.org/W2117462667","https://openalex.org/W2118985632","https://openalex.org/W2123084017","https://openalex.org/W2125692370","https://openalex.org/W2126675628","https://openalex.org/W2129170129","https://openalex.org/W2129444769","https://openalex.org/W2129544825","https://openalex.org/W2141738471","https://openalex.org/W2151573032","https://openalex.org/W2152714382","https://openalex.org/W2152833994","https://openalex.org/W2155705744","https://openalex.org/W2156278784","https://openalex.org/W2156959293","https://openalex.org/W2159366663","https://openalex.org/W2160752278","https://openalex.org/W2161028998","https://openalex.org/W2165556354","https://openalex.org/W2165891598","https://openalex.org/W2168668552","https://openalex.org/W2170978415","https://openalex.org/W2291667181","https://openalex.org/W2410243791","https://openalex.org/W2412783670","https://openalex.org/W4256400247"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W183565686","https://openalex.org/W2006122901","https://openalex.org/W2291667181","https://openalex.org/W7095085292","https://openalex.org/W2117907857","https://openalex.org/W4220818658","https://openalex.org/W1969972011","https://openalex.org/W2731708623","https://openalex.org/W3147322523","https://openalex.org/W3010116825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE":[0],"OF":[1],"REVIEW:":[2],"Chronic":[3],"rhinosinusitis":[4,65,91,190],"with":[5,66,191],"nasal":[6,46,67,132,192],"polyps":[7,47,63,133],"often":[8],"represents":[9],"a":[10,23,72],"chronic":[11,90,189],"severe":[12,176],"inflammatory":[13],"disease":[14],"of":[15,45,82,113,180,188],"the":[16,43,105,111,128,149,209],"upper":[17],"airways":[18],"and":[19,80,144,153,166,203],"may":[20,173,207],"serve":[21],"as":[22,30,48,120,199],"model":[24],"for":[25,141],"lower":[26],"airway":[27],"diseases":[28],"such":[29,198],"late-onset":[31],"intrinsic":[32],"asthma.":[33],"Enterotoxins":[34],"derived":[35,116,160],"from":[36],"Staphylococcus":[37],"aureus":[38,115,123,159],"have":[39],"been":[40],"implicated":[41],"in":[42,87,131],"pathophysiology":[44],"disease-modifying":[49],"factors;":[50],"recent":[51],"findings":[52],"using":[53],"therapeutic":[54,195],"proof-of-concept":[55],"approaches":[56,196],"support":[57],"this":[58,185],"hypothesis.":[59],"RECENT":[60],"FINDINGS:":[61],"Nasal":[62],"(chronic":[64],"polyps)":[68],"are":[69],"characterized":[70],"by":[71],"T-helper-2":[73,135],"dominated":[74],"cytokine":[75,98,106,129],"pattern":[76,130],"that":[77,104],"includes":[78],"interleukin-5":[79],"formation":[81],"immunoglobulin":[83,164,169],"E.":[84],"This":[85],"is":[86,101,108],"contrast":[88],"to":[89,175],"without":[92],"polyps,":[93,193],"which":[94,118,172],"exhibits":[95],"T-helper-1":[96],"biased":[97],"release.":[99],"It":[100],"now":[102],"evident":[103],"environment":[107],"decisive":[109],"regarding":[110],"impact":[112],"S.":[114,122,158],"enterotoxins,":[117],"function":[119],"superantigens.":[121],"enterotoxin":[124],"B":[125],"further":[126],"shifts":[127],"toward":[134],"cytokines":[136,151],"(increases":[137],"greater":[138],"than":[139],"twofold":[140],"interleukin-2,":[142],"interleukin-4":[143],"interleukin-5),":[145],"but":[146],"it":[147],"disfavours":[148],"T-regulatory":[150],"interleukin-10":[152],"transforming":[154],"growth":[155],"factor-beta1.":[156],"Furthermore,":[157],"enterotoxins":[161],"influence":[162],"local":[163],"synthesis":[165],"induce":[167],"polyclonal":[168],"E":[170],"production,":[171],"contribute":[174],"inflammation":[177],"via":[178],"activation":[179],"mast":[181],"cells.":[182],"SUMMARY:":[183],"From":[184],"new":[186,194],"understanding":[187],"emerge":[197],"anti-interleukin-5,":[200],"anti-immunoglobulin":[201],"E,":[202],"antibiotic":[204],"treatment.":[205],"These":[206],"enlarge":[208],"nonsurgical":[210],"armentarium.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
