{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2034495730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.187.4171.57","title":"Soapstone Artifacts: Tracing Prehistoric Trade Patterns in Virginia","display_name":"Soapstone Artifacts: Tracing Prehistoric Trade Patterns in Virginia","publication_year":1975,"publication_date":"1975-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2034495730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.187.4171.57","mag":"2034495730","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17844208"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.187.4171.57","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.187.4171.57","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.187.4171.57","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014184829","display_name":"Alvin H. Luckenbach","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alvin H. Luckenbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anthropology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22901"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anthropology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22901","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029797300","display_name":"C. G. Holland","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. G. Holland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anthropology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22901"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anthropology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22901","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046693613","display_name":"Ralph O. Allen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralph O. Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":45.8344,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99694501,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"187","issue":"4171","first_page":"57","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.8163999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.8163999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13831","display_name":"Archaeological and Geological Studies","score":0.08649999648332596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10087","display_name":"Archaeology and ancient environmental studies","score":0.06279999762773514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soapstone","display_name":"soapstone","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rare-earth-elements","display_name":"rare earth elements","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prehistoric-trade","display_name":"prehistoric trade","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/material-provenance","display_name":"material provenance","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quarries","display_name":"quarries","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithic-artifacts","display_name":"lithic artifacts","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eastern-virginia","display_name":"eastern Virginia","score":0.7200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204852536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11756","display_name":"Prehistory","level":2,"score":0.8966096639633179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169212394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531953","display_name":"Outcrop","level":2,"score":0.7813547253608704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.7218500375747681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5299929976463318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4666530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2408111","display_name":"Neutron activation analysis","level":2,"score":0.4918200969696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.4886815845966339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34682378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q351792","display_name":"Trace element","level":2,"score":0.4614604115486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4523159861564636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.2683873772621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2461318075656891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.09131765365600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177322064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750955","display_name":"Radiochemistry","level":1,"score":0.05249720811843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.187.4171.57","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.187.4171.57","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.187.4171.57","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17844208","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17844208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988397939","https://openalex.org/W2009465095","https://openalex.org/W2058312784","https://openalex.org/W2411332729"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2503521246","https://openalex.org/W2520625626","https://openalex.org/W2481636055","https://openalex.org/W885406029","https://openalex.org/W3007842214","https://openalex.org/W2033009306","https://openalex.org/W2895700971","https://openalex.org/W2009465095","https://openalex.org/W1996376922","https://openalex.org/W2561996859"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rare":[0],"earth":[1],"element":[2],"abundances":[3,23],"in":[4,10,51],"soapstone":[5],"from":[6],"quarries":[7],"and":[8],"artifacts":[9],"eastern":[11],"Virginia":[12,53],"were":[13,54],"determined":[14],"by":[15],"instrumental":[16],"neutron":[17],"activation":[18],"analysis.":[19],"By":[20],"comparing":[21],"these":[22],"it":[24],"was":[25],"possible":[26],"to":[27,31,56],"trace":[28],"artifactual":[29],"material":[30,41],"the":[32,37,43],"outcrops":[33],"which":[34],"served":[35],"as":[36],"source":[38],"of":[39],"this":[40],"during":[42],"first":[44],"millennium":[45],"B.C.":[46],"Certain":[47],"known":[48],"sociopolitical":[49],"boundaries":[50],"prehistoric":[52],"inferred":[55],"be":[57],"older":[58],"than":[59],"previously":[60],"assumed.":[61]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}