{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2034401958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1059060","title":"The Asymmetric Effects of Reversible Tariff Changes under the United States GSP","display_name":"The Asymmetric Effects of Reversible Tariff Changes under the United States GSP","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2034401958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1059060","mag":"2034401958"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1059060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1059060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1059060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16296580","display_name":"Southern Economic Journal","issn_l":"0038-4038","issn":["0038-4038","2325-8012"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Southern Economic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059054013","display_name":"Craig R. MacPhee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig R. MacPhee","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036700119","display_name":"David I. Rosenbaum","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David I. Rosenbaum","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3010,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3010},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6101,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92986773,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"1","first_page":"105","last_page":"105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11898","display_name":"Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tariff-changes","display_name":"tariff revision","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/import-demand","display_name":"import demand","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalized-system-of-preferences","display_name":"Generalized System of Preferences","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminatory-tariffs","display_name":"discriminatory tariffs","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bound-tariffs","display_name":"bound tariffs","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/import-volume","display_name":"import quantity","score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/import-substitution","display_name":"import substitution","score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tokyo-round","display_name":"Tokyo Round","score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gatt","display_name":"GATT","score":0.4690000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776060655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52389","display_name":"Tariff","level":2,"score":0.7591575384140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.588233470916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.5062238574028015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.3845556974411011}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1059060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1059060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1059060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16296580","display_name":"Southern Economic Journal","issn_l":"0038-4038","issn":["0038-4038","2325-8012"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Southern Economic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5600000023841858}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W657957228","https://openalex.org/W1534376774","https://openalex.org/W1542047202","https://openalex.org/W1559885103","https://openalex.org/W1965701777","https://openalex.org/W1970276356","https://openalex.org/W1975645853","https://openalex.org/W1983986920","https://openalex.org/W2011535647","https://openalex.org/W2023271748","https://openalex.org/W2041933807","https://openalex.org/W2054426645","https://openalex.org/W2061048773","https://openalex.org/W2087603790","https://openalex.org/W3122456684"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096283869","https://openalex.org/W2185604105","https://openalex.org/W2150383097","https://openalex.org/W7099418463","https://openalex.org/W7095595890","https://openalex.org/W7036371012","https://openalex.org/W4409879641","https://openalex.org/W1624796048","https://openalex.org/W1577187140","https://openalex.org/W1967969744"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"a":[1,39,186,259,273,316],"partial-equilibrium":[2],"textbook":[3],"model":[4],"of":[5,14,45,73,243,251,272,286,307],"competitive":[6],"international":[7],"trade,":[8],"the":[9,20,29,71,74,102,139,214,240,249,284,298,313],"volume":[10],"and":[11,36,61,118,146,181,302],"net":[12],"value":[13],"imports":[15,173,199,271,291,301],"always":[16],"vary":[17],"inversely":[18],"with":[19],"tariff":[21,30,75,78,160,204,209,260,280,314],"rate.":[22],"This":[23],"result":[24],"depends":[25],"on":[26,38],"assumptions":[27],"that":[28,198],"changes":[31,56,79,133,161],"are":[32,80,174,200,211,218,246,276],"substantial,":[33],"exogenous,":[34],"permanent,":[35],"applied":[37],"most-favorednation":[40],"(MFN)":[41],"basis.":[42],"Empirical":[43,294],"applications":[44],"this":[46,194],"theory":[47],"however,":[48],"encounter":[49],"different":[50],"conditions.":[51],"Generalequilibrium":[52],"effects,":[53],"such":[54],"as":[55,126,185],"in":[57,91,109,134,315],"prices,":[58],"exchange":[59],"rates,":[60],"income,":[62],"tend":[63,168],"to":[64,98,128,151,169,177,188,203,221,258],"be":[65],"offsetting.":[66],"Imperfect":[67],"competition":[68],"can":[69,93],"make":[70],"incidence":[72],"indeterminate.":[76],"Many":[77],"small,":[81],"endogenous,":[82],"temporary,":[83],"and/or":[84],"discriminatory.":[85],"To":[86],"illustrate":[87],"how":[88],"these":[89],"differences":[90],"tariffs":[92,111,171,303],"alter":[94],"their":[95],"observed":[96,159],"relation":[97,299],"imports,":[99],"we":[100],"offer":[101],"following":[103],"examples.":[104],"(a)":[105],"Tokyo":[106],"Round":[107],"cuts":[108],"U.S.":[110],"were":[112],"staged":[113],"generally":[114],"over":[115,138],"eight":[116],"years":[117],"averaged":[119],"only":[120],"0.3":[121],"percent":[122,130],"per":[123],"annum":[124],"[6]":[125],"compared":[127],"6.4":[129],"average":[131],"annual":[132],"American":[135],"import":[308],"prices":[137],"same":[140],"1980-87":[141],"period":[142],"[18].":[143],"If":[144],"search":[145],"recontracting":[147],"costs":[148,250],"caused":[149],"buyers":[150],"ignore":[152,193],"relatively":[153],"small":[154],"price":[155,318],"variations,":[156],"then":[157],"many":[158,208],"would":[162],"produce":[163],"negligible":[164],"effects.":[165],"(b)":[166],"Governments":[167],"lower":[170],"when":[172],"low":[175],"enough":[176],"obviate":[178],"political":[179],"problems,":[180],"they":[182],"raise":[183],"them":[184],"response":[187,257],"surges.":[190],"Observers":[191],"who":[192],"endogeneity":[195],"might":[196,282],"conclude":[197],"positively":[201],"related":[202],"rates.":[205],"(c)":[206],"While":[207],"concessions":[210],"bound":[212],"under":[213],"GATT,":[215],"some":[216,268],"duties":[217],"temporarily":[219],"altered":[220],"provide":[222],"relief":[224],"for":[225,231],"domestic":[226],"producers":[227],"or":[228,269],"preferential":[229],"access":[230],"certain":[232],"trade":[233],"partners.":[234],"Importers":[235],"may":[236],"not":[237],"respond":[238],"if":[239],"temporary":[241],"benefits":[242],"doing":[244],"so":[245],"exceeded":[247],"by":[248],"finding":[252],"substitutes.":[253],"(d)":[254],"The":[255],"importers'":[256],"change":[261,281],"will":[262],"also":[263],"differ":[264],"between":[265,300],"cases":[266],"where":[267],"all":[270],"given":[274],"product":[275],"affected.":[277],"A":[278],"discriminatory":[279],"shift":[283],"shares":[285],"suppliers":[287],"while":[288],"leaving":[289],"total":[290],"virtually":[292],"unaltered.":[293],"studies":[295],"seldom":[296],"test":[297],"directly.":[304],"Time-series":[305],"estimates":[306],"demand":[309],"equations":[310],"usually":[311],"subsume":[312],"gross":[317],"variable.'":[319]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}