{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2033992199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/ja089ia07p05419","title":"Plasma and energetic particle structure upstream of a quasi\u2010parallel interplanetary shock","display_name":"Plasma and energetic particle structure upstream of a quasi\u2010parallel interplanetary shock","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2033992199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/ja089ia07p05419","mag":"2033992199"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1029/ja089ia07p05419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/ja089ia07p05419","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/ja089ia07p05419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207178839","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","issn_l":"0148-0227","issn":["0148-0227","2156-2202","2169-897X","2169-8996"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014296091","display_name":"Charles F. Kennel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5997-7201","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5997-7201"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. F. Kennel","raw_affiliation_strings":["California, University Los Angeles, CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California, University Los Angeles, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106419187","display_name":"Frederick L. Scarf","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. L. Scarf","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071539764","display_name":"Ferdinand V. Coroniti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1017-922X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1017-922X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482704","display_name":"TRW (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00wes5t10","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388482704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. V. Coroniti","raw_affiliation_strings":["TRW, Inc. Space Sciences Dept., Redondo Beach, CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TRW, Inc. Space Sciences Dept., Redondo Beach, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388482704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011650421","display_name":"Christopher T. Russell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1639-8298","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1639-8298"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. T. Russell","raw_affiliation_strings":["California, University Los Angeles, CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California, University Los Angeles, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108186351","display_name":"K.\u2010P. Wenzel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.\u2010P. Wenzel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113628896","display_name":"Trevor R. Sanderson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. R. Sanderson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081102248","display_name":"P. van Nes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44377176","display_name":"European Space Research and Technology Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03h3jqn23","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801994115","https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Van Nes","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESA Space Science Dept., Noordwijk, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESA Space Science Dept., Noordwijk, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042517439","display_name":"W. C. Feldman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. C. Feldman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080653933","display_name":"G. K. Parks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5580-5621","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5580-5621"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. K. Parks","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049299108","display_name":"Edward J. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9021-152X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9021-152X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. J. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD., United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD., United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067053161","display_name":"Bruce Tsatnam Tsurutani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7299-9835","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7299-9835"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. T. Tsurutani","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena CA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027172954","display_name":"Forrest S. Mozer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2011-8140","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2011-8140"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. S. Mozer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044975560","display_name":"M. Temerin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Temerin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000417245","display_name":"R. R. Anderson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. R. Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046712974","display_name":"J. D. Scudder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7975-5630","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7975-5630"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. D. Scudder","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD., United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD., United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087011620","display_name":"Manfred Scholer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9581-1698","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9581-1698"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Scholer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4070,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4070},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.1346,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99433132,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"89","issue":"A7","first_page":"5419","last_page":"5435"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interplanetary-shocks","display_name":"interplanetary shocks","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quasi-parallel-shocks","display_name":"quasi-parallel shocks","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energetic-particle-acceleration","display_name":"energetic particle acceleration","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-acceleration","display_name":"proton acceleration","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energetic-electrons","display_name":"energetic electrons","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ion-acoustic-waves","display_name":"ion acoustic waves","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetohydrodynamic-waves","display_name":"magnetohydrodynamic waves","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-waves","display_name":"plasma waves","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shock-precursor","display_name":"shock precursor","score":0.35199999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8382642269134521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.6223147511482239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135975100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7499888","display_name":"Shock waves in astrophysics","level":3,"score":0.5704481601715088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70477161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190688","display_name":"Shock wave","level":2,"score":0.5691306591033936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.5531896948814392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31532427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2549249","display_name":"Magnetohydrodynamics","level":3,"score":0.5214835405349731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.4945056140422821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.4786837697029114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781300812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178061","display_name":"Shock (circulatory)","level":2,"score":0.44988706707954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194462397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q834235","display_name":"Interplanetary spaceflight","level":4,"score":0.4429045021533966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54516573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294","display_name":"Proton","level":2,"score":0.44288191199302673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42471609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779048","display_name":"Magnetohydrodynamic drive","level":4,"score":0.4301200211048126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108411613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79833","display_name":"Solar wind","level":3,"score":0.3927564024925232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.39012226462364197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.25772804021835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1736898124217987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1029/ja089ia07p05419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/ja089ia07p05419","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/ja089ia07p05419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207178839","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","issn_l":"0148-0227","issn":["0148-0227","2156-2202","2169-897X","2169-8996"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W96397611","https://openalex.org/W1593850974","https://openalex.org/W1650037426","https://openalex.org/W1968892235","https://openalex.org/W1974940593","https://openalex.org/W1976036394","https://openalex.org/W1984227587","https://openalex.org/W1992757931","https://openalex.org/W1993400197","https://openalex.org/W2003078894","https://openalex.org/W2004693186","https://openalex.org/W2034156771","https://openalex.org/W2034188657","https://openalex.org/W2044346116","https://openalex.org/W2044577747","https://openalex.org/W2062502755","https://openalex.org/W2065422195","https://openalex.org/W2065834579","https://openalex.org/W2080171935","https://openalex.org/W2086654968","https://openalex.org/W2095938915","https://openalex.org/W2098600962","https://openalex.org/W2105207442","https://openalex.org/W2105446862","https://openalex.org/W2111886906","https://openalex.org/W2115740239","https://openalex.org/W2125110344","https://openalex.org/W2128001627","https://openalex.org/W2133943960","https://openalex.org/W2136086603","https://openalex.org/W2147482848","https://openalex.org/W2151602077","https://openalex.org/W2152114231","https://openalex.org/W2152830156","https://openalex.org/W2153754759","https://openalex.org/W2160636615","https://openalex.org/W2166225790","https://openalex.org/W2993196007"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1627589490","https://openalex.org/W1974940593","https://openalex.org/W2036904175","https://openalex.org/W2092026471","https://openalex.org/W2086769158","https://openalex.org/W1526156242","https://openalex.org/W2987992236","https://openalex.org/W2035697565","https://openalex.org/W2042483097","https://openalex.org/W2094925831"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"assembles":[2],"ISEE":[3],"1,":[4],"2,":[5],"and":[6,13,20,28,30,51,74,91,120],"3":[7],"observations":[8],"of":[9,37,55,60,67,87,95,117],"the":[10,34,70,88,96,113,126],"interplanetary":[11,35],"magnetic":[12,89,104,128],"electric":[14],"fields,":[15],"plasma,":[16],"magnetohydrodynamic":[17],"waves,":[18,23],"electromagnetic":[19],"electrostatic":[21],"plasma":[22,93],"1\u2010":[24],"to":[25,112],"6\u2010keV":[26],"protons":[27,62],"electrons,":[29],">30\u2010keV/Q":[31],"ions":[32],"for":[33],"shock":[36,42,78,99],"November":[38],"12,":[39],"1978.":[40],"The":[41,58,80,98,115],"was":[43,100,107],"high":[44],"speed":[45],"(640":[46],"km":[47],"s\u22121),":[48],"supercritical,":[49],"quasi\u2010parallel,":[50],"an":[52],"efficient":[53],"accelerator":[54],"energetic":[56],"protons.":[57],"flux":[59],">35\u2010keV":[61],"increased":[63,124],"by":[64],"a":[65,102],"factor":[66],"15":[68],"in":[69],"last":[71],"45":[72],"min":[73],"270":[75],"RE":[76],"before":[77],"encounter.":[79],">10\u2010keV":[81],"proton":[82],"energy":[83],"density":[84],"approached":[85],"that":[86,106],"field":[90],"thermal":[92],"upstream":[94],"shock.":[97,114],"inside":[101,125],"closed":[103,127],"structure":[105],"connected":[108],"at":[109],"both":[110],"ends":[111],"intensity":[116],"ion":[118],"acoustic":[119],"low\u2010frequency":[121],"MHD":[122],"waves":[123],"bubble.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
