{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2033965404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000368589","title":"Rituximab in Primary Membranous Nephropathy: First-Line Therapy, Why Not?","display_name":"Rituximab in Primary Membranous Nephropathy: First-Line Therapy, Why Not?","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2033965404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000368589","mag":"2033965404","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25427622"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1159/000368589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000368589","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000368589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230090","display_name":"Nephron Clinical Practice","issn_l":"1660-2110","issn":["1660-2110"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nephron Clinical Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005075162","display_name":"Paolo Cravedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7837-0923","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7837-0923"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98704320","display_name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","ror":"https://ror.org/04a9tmd77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320796813","https://openalex.org/I98704320"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Cravedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, N.Y., USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, N.Y., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98704320"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023556434","display_name":"Giuseppe Remuzzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6194-3446","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6194-3446"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19630809","display_name":"Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05aspc753","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19630809","https://openalex.org/I4210110338","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106645","display_name":"Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII","ror":"https://ror.org/01savtv33","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106645"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153126","display_name":"Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico","ror":"https://ror.org/04tfzc498","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Remuzzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases \u2018Aldo e Cele Dacc\u00f2', and","Unit of Nephrology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy","Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche, Mario Negri"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases \u2018Aldo e Cele Dacc\u00f2', and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19630809","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Nephrology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106645"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche, Mario Negri","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19630809"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059276594","display_name":"Piero Luigi Ruggenenti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8394-0879","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8394-0879"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19630809","display_name":"Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05aspc753","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19630809","https://openalex.org/I4210110338","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106645","display_name":"Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII","ror":"https://ror.org/01savtv33","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106645"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153126","display_name":"Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico","ror":"https://ror.org/04tfzc498","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Piero Ruggenenti","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases \u2018Aldo e Cele Dacc\u00f2', and","Unit of Nephrology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy","Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases \u2018Aldo e Cele Dacc\u00f2', and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19630809","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Nephrology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106645"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106645"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059276594"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19630809","https://openalex.org/I4210106645","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0171,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68270215,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"128","issue":"3-4","first_page":"261","last_page":"269"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11029","display_name":"Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11029","display_name":"Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10697","display_name":"Vasculitis and related conditions","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10308","display_name":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rituximab","display_name":"rituximab","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idiopathic-membranous-nephropathy","display_name":"idiopathic membranous nephropathy","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nephrotic-syndrome","display_name":"nephrotic syndrome","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b-cell-depletion","display_name":"B-cell depletion","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-cd20-monoclonal-antibody","display_name":"anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/m-type-phospholipase-a2-receptor","display_name":"M-type phospholipase A2 receptor","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-stage-renal-disease","display_name":"end-stage renal disease","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steroid-sparing-therapy","display_name":"steroid-sparing therapy","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkylating-agents","display_name":"alkylating agents","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcineurin-inhibitors","display_name":"calcineurin inhibitors","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-efficacy-and-safety","display_name":"treatment efficacy and safety","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractory-disease","display_name":"refractory disease","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.6600000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780653079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412323","display_name":"Rituximab","level":3,"score":0.9303865432739258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8985985517501831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775946357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713037","display_name":"Membranous nephropathy","level":4,"score":0.7738884091377258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5415890216827393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778930706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504790","display_name":"Nephrotic syndrome","level":2,"score":0.5240134000778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780252810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455316","display_name":"Immunosuppression","level":2,"score":0.5219897031784058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5148372054100037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4940638840198517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777747828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1323002","display_name":"Minimal change disease","level":5,"score":0.47166240215301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.46353697776794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54847362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177635","display_name":"Nephrology","level":2,"score":0.44693219661712646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.42109960317611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.40169376134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778415529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435223","display_name":"Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","level":4,"score":0.34826886653900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779561371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570197","display_name":"Proteinuria","level":3,"score":0.24563932418823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.245039165019989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780091579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9377","display_name":"Kidney","level":2,"score":0.1986059546470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069283","descriptor_name":"Rituximab","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005938","descriptor_name":"Glucocorticoids","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007155","descriptor_name":"Immunologic Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007166","descriptor_name":"Immunosuppressive Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015433","descriptor_name":"Glomerulonephritis, Membranous","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015433","descriptor_name":"Glomerulonephritis, Membranous","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058846","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1159/000368589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000368589","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000368589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230090","display_name":"Nephron Clinical Practice","issn_l":"1660-2110","issn":["1660-2110"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nephron Clinical Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25427622","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25427622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nephron. Clinical practice","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549217819","https://openalex.org/W1913904590","https://openalex.org/W1963592300","https://openalex.org/W1966718538","https://openalex.org/W1974029083","https://openalex.org/W1975736815","https://openalex.org/W1986167294","https://openalex.org/W1987160165","https://openalex.org/W1989529519","https://openalex.org/W1991118583","https://openalex.org/W2005475183","https://openalex.org/W2008615274","https://openalex.org/W2016537170","https://openalex.org/W2018459774","https://openalex.org/W2032192200","https://openalex.org/W2034759249","https://openalex.org/W2038317493","https://openalex.org/W2044125631","https://openalex.org/W2046330020","https://openalex.org/W2048324178","https://openalex.org/W2051090119","https://openalex.org/W2053683902","https://openalex.org/W2055812224","https://openalex.org/W2063340779","https://openalex.org/W2066000834","https://openalex.org/W2073033781","https://openalex.org/W2084056567","https://openalex.org/W2089916413","https://openalex.org/W2095787590","https://openalex.org/W2107002794","https://openalex.org/W2108432978","https://openalex.org/W2114360739","https://openalex.org/W2114850377","https://openalex.org/W2115135526","https://openalex.org/W2115472834","https://openalex.org/W2116986363","https://openalex.org/W2122581834","https://openalex.org/W2124215501","https://openalex.org/W2131815197","https://openalex.org/W2133344401","https://openalex.org/W2135619376","https://openalex.org/W2138612272","https://openalex.org/W2141219630","https://openalex.org/W2142956701","https://openalex.org/W2145920236","https://openalex.org/W2153604508","https://openalex.org/W2157296439","https://openalex.org/W2159732018","https://openalex.org/W2160726185","https://openalex.org/W2162411149","https://openalex.org/W2162452494","https://openalex.org/W2163100333","https://openalex.org/W2164755825","https://openalex.org/W2166822765","https://openalex.org/W2172275967","https://openalex.org/W2318607717","https://openalex.org/W2326202408","https://openalex.org/W3016408864","https://openalex.org/W4210977357","https://openalex.org/W4238278421","https://openalex.org/W4242848679","https://openalex.org/W4245487764"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3118525048","https://openalex.org/W4415426825","https://openalex.org/W2989664231","https://openalex.org/W2135619376","https://openalex.org/W2994092365","https://openalex.org/W2733763630","https://openalex.org/W4362480391","https://openalex.org/W2525705095","https://openalex.org/W7133750804","https://openalex.org/W3124878700"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"ideal":[1],"treatment":[2,236],"of":[3,19,83,89,105,126,144,153,171,181,198,209,273],"patients":[4,28,137,224],"with":[5,109,138,206,216],"primary":[6,139],"membranous":[7],"nephropathy":[8],"(MN)":[9],"and":[10,42,52,63,92,229,264,293],"persistent":[11],"nephrotic":[12],"syndrome":[13],"(NS)":[14],"is":[15,22,220,232,237],"still":[16],"a":[17,23,77,142,207,257,271,281],"matter":[18],"debate.":[20],"This":[21,114],"major":[24],"issue":[25],"since":[26],"these":[27],"may":[29],"progress":[30],"to":[31,48,185,203,226,239,260],"end-stage":[32],"kidney":[33],"disease":[34,120,262],"(ESKD)":[35],"in":[36,55,80,135,155,161,223,270],"5-10":[37],"years.":[38],"Steroids,":[39,290],"alkylating":[40,188,291],"agents,":[41,292],"calcineurin":[43,294],"inhibitors":[44,295],"have":[45],"been":[46],"suggested":[47],"achieve":[49],"NS":[50,134],"remission":[51],"prevent":[53],"ESKD":[54],"this":[56,156],"population.":[57],"Treatment":[58],"benefits,":[59],"however,":[60],"are":[61,64,165],"uncertain":[62],"often":[65],"offset":[66],"by":[67],"serious":[68],"adverse":[69],"events":[70],"(SAEs).":[71],"Evidence":[72],"that":[73,130,147,200,214],"B":[74,106,241],"cells":[75,91],"play":[76],"crucial":[78],"role":[79,104],"the":[81,84,97,103,110,123,150,193,248],"pathogenesis":[82],"disease,":[85],"both":[86],"as":[87,93,183],"precursors":[88],"autoantibody-producing":[90],"antigen-presenting":[94],"cells,":[95],"provided":[96],"background":[98],"for":[99,284],"explorative":[100],"studies":[101,146],"testing":[102],"cell-depletion":[107],"therapy":[108],"monoclonal":[111],"antibody":[112],"rituximab.":[113],"approach":[115],"aimed":[116],"at":[117,177,268],"selectively":[118],"inhibiting":[119],"mechanisms":[121],"without":[122],"devastating":[124],"consequences":[125],"unspecific":[127],"immunosuppression.":[128],"Finding":[129],"rituximab":[131,154,182,199,266,288],"safely":[132],"ameliorated":[133],"8":[136],"MN":[140],"fueled":[141],"series":[143,170],"observational":[145],"uniformly":[148],"confirmed":[149],"safety/efficacy":[151],"profile":[152,197],"context.":[157],"Although":[158],"head-to-head":[159],"comparisons":[160],"randomized":[162],"clinical":[163],"trials":[164],"missing,":[166],"comparative":[167],"analyses":[168],"between":[169],"homogeneous":[172],"patient":[173],"cohorts":[174],"clearly":[175],"show":[176],"least":[178,269],"similar":[179],"efficacy":[180],"compared":[184],"steroid":[186],"plus":[187],"agents.":[189],"Moreover,":[190],"data":[191],"confirm":[192],"dramatically":[194],"superior":[195],"safety":[196],"actually":[201],"appears":[202],"be":[204,298],"associated":[205],"rate":[208],"SAEs":[210],"even":[211],"lower":[212],"than":[213],"observed":[215],"conservative":[217],"therapy.":[218,289],"Rituximab":[219],"also":[221],"effective":[222],"resistant":[225],"other":[227],"treatments":[228],"its":[230],"cost-effectiveness":[231],"further":[233],"increased":[234],"when":[235],"titrated":[238],"circulating":[240],"cells.":[242],"Recently":[243],"identified":[244],"pathogenic":[245],"antibodies":[246,278],"against":[247],"M":[249],"type":[250],"phospholipase":[251],"A2":[252],"receptor":[253],"will":[254],"likely":[255,297],"provide":[256],"novel":[258],"tool":[259],"monitor":[261],"activity":[263],"drive":[265],"therapy,":[267],"subset":[272],"patients.":[274],"Newly":[275],"developed":[276],"anti-CD20":[277],"could":[279],"represent":[280],"valuable":[282],"option":[283],"those":[285],"who":[286],"fail":[287],"should":[296],"abandoned.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
