{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2033702298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.112406","title":"UP446, analgesic and anti-inflammatory botanical composition","display_name":"UP446, analgesic and anti-inflammatory botanical composition","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2033702298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.112406","mag":"2033702298","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23901209","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3719252"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/0974-8490.112406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.112406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.112406","pdf_url":"https://www.phcogres.com/sites/default/files/PharmacognRes-5-3-139.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150556310","display_name":"Pharmacognosy Research","issn_l":"0974-8490","issn":["0974-8490","0976-4836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacognosy Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.phcogres.com/sites/default/files/PharmacognRes-5-3-139.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001659235","display_name":"Mesfin Yimam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-1586","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-1586"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mesfin Yimam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unigen Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unigen Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091141570","display_name":"Mandee Pantier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mandee Pantier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unigen Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unigen Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000973850","display_name":"Lidia Alfaro Brownell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5328-0152","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5328-0152"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lidia Brownell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unigen Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unigen Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102901640","display_name":"Qi Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8193-9786","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8193-9786"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unigen Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unigen Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001659235"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7668,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86761845,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"139","last_page":"139"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13026","display_name":"Natural Compounds in Disease Treatment","score":0.8666999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13026","display_name":"Natural Compounds in Disease Treatment","score":0.8666999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12582","display_name":"Flavonoids in Medical Research","score":0.0649000033736229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10200","display_name":"Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies","score":0.04430000111460686,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rheumatoid-arthritis","display_name":"rheumatoid arthritis","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baicalin","display_name":"baicalin","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scutellaria-baicalensis","display_name":"Scutellaria baicalensis","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catechins","display_name":"catechins","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acacia-catechu","display_name":"Acacia catechu","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbal-medicine","display_name":"herbal medicine","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analgesic-activity","display_name":"analgesic activity","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-inflammatory-activity","display_name":"anti-inflammatory activity","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paw-edema","display_name":"paw edema","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-sensitivity","display_name":"pain sensitivity","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ibuprofen","display_name":"ibuprofen","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclooxygenase-inhibition","display_name":"cyclooxygenase inhibition","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipoxygenase-inhibition","display_name":"lipoxygenase inhibition","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pro-inflammatory-cytokines","display_name":"inflammatory cytokines","score":0.9359999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7504438161849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778153525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q803769","display_name":"Scutellaria baicalensis","level":4,"score":0.7317038178443909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777575956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187255","display_name":"Rheumatoid arthritis","level":2,"score":0.6698272824287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164027704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3491837","display_name":"Proinflammatory cytokine","level":3,"score":0.6223786473274231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777077863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170990","display_name":"Arthritis","level":2,"score":0.6128901839256287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.5010359287261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780820201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173235","display_name":"Analgesic","level":2,"score":0.46290266513824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.40473467111587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.2996805012226105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.2847577929496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188947578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200253","display_name":"Traditional Chinese medicine","level":3,"score":0.10481038689613342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.07442903518676758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4103/0974-8490.112406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.112406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.112406","pdf_url":"https://www.phcogres.com/sites/default/files/PharmacognRes-5-3-139.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150556310","display_name":"Pharmacognosy Research","issn_l":"0974-8490","issn":["0974-8490","0976-4836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacognosy Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2717903","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3719252","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:23901209","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23901209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacognosy research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3719252","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3719252/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacognosy Res","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/0974-8490.112406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.112406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.112406","pdf_url":"https://www.phcogres.com/sites/default/files/PharmacognRes-5-3-139.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150556310","display_name":"Pharmacognosy Research","issn_l":"0974-8490","issn":["0974-8490","0976-4836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacognosy Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2033702298.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2033702298.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501675811","https://openalex.org/W1522455546","https://openalex.org/W1593886617","https://openalex.org/W1837453255","https://openalex.org/W1956751644","https://openalex.org/W1964437706","https://openalex.org/W1964465558","https://openalex.org/W1967631901","https://openalex.org/W1970025357","https://openalex.org/W1971945576","https://openalex.org/W1981816788","https://openalex.org/W1982884694","https://openalex.org/W1984632338","https://openalex.org/W1985505818","https://openalex.org/W1990065831","https://openalex.org/W2000660334","https://openalex.org/W2006228380","https://openalex.org/W2007407652","https://openalex.org/W2008873550","https://openalex.org/W2010587126","https://openalex.org/W2022481046","https://openalex.org/W2024345114","https://openalex.org/W2047161293","https://openalex.org/W2050327774","https://openalex.org/W2056169996","https://openalex.org/W2059684662","https://openalex.org/W2060915992","https://openalex.org/W2069656730","https://openalex.org/W2074192779","https://openalex.org/W2079607078","https://openalex.org/W2085316561","https://openalex.org/W2085318733","https://openalex.org/W2085451664","https://openalex.org/W2086164479","https://openalex.org/W2087214422","https://openalex.org/W2096179188","https://openalex.org/W2100696431","https://openalex.org/W2101840353","https://openalex.org/W2103650510","https://openalex.org/W2123112037","https://openalex.org/W2124737160","https://openalex.org/W2135773314","https://openalex.org/W2146377701","https://openalex.org/W2146842652","https://openalex.org/W2148197913","https://openalex.org/W2153903709","https://openalex.org/W2159575519","https://openalex.org/W2171223432","https://openalex.org/W2334931546","https://openalex.org/W4249390745"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2328296984","https://openalex.org/W1511870179","https://openalex.org/W2041526727","https://openalex.org/W2153903709","https://openalex.org/W7100843403","https://openalex.org/W2265491890","https://openalex.org/W2319540843","https://openalex.org/W2024345114","https://openalex.org/W2399519581","https://openalex.org/W2109125713"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Rheumatoid":[1],"arthritis":[2,115,171],"(RA)":[3],"is":[4,29],"a":[5,30,44],"chronic":[6,41],"systemic":[7],"inflammatory":[8,232],"autoimmune":[9],"disease.":[10],"Long-term":[11],"use":[12],"of":[13,48,61,73,80,94,111,125,149,227,254,259,266],"currently":[14],"available":[15],"therapies":[16],"for":[17,32,38,177,229],"RA":[18,131,260],"produces":[19],"adverse":[20],"effects":[21],"that":[22],"limit":[23],"dosage":[24],"and":[25,34,56,75,83,87,91,101,116,143,147,173,190,200,212,240,246,261],"duration;":[26],"hence":[27],"there":[28],"need":[31],"safe":[33],"effective":[35],"alternatives":[36],"suitable":[37],"long":[39],"term":[40],"use.":[42],"UP446,":[43],"composition":[45,269],"consisting":[46],"primarily":[47],"baicalin":[49],"from":[50,58],"Scutellaria":[51],"baicalensis":[52],"Georgi":[53],"(Family:":[54,64],"Lamiaceae)":[55],"(+)-catechin":[57],"the":[59,95,109,150,230],"heartwoods":[60],"Acacia":[62],"catechu":[63],"Mimosaceae),":[65],"has":[66],"been":[67],"previously":[68],"shown":[69],"to":[70,88,170,216],"reduce":[71],"production":[72],"eicosanoids":[74],"leukotrienes":[76],"through":[77],"dual":[78],"inhibition":[79],"cyclooxygenase":[81],"(COX)":[82],"lipoxygenase":[84],"(LOX)":[85],"enzymes":[86],"decreased":[89],"mRNA":[90],"protein":[92],"levels":[93],"proinflammatory":[96],"cytokines,":[97],"interleukin":[98],"(IL)-1\u03b2,":[99],"IL-6,":[100],"tumor":[102],"necrosis":[103],"factor":[104],"(TNF)-\u03b1.":[105],"AIM:":[106],"To":[107],"evaluate":[108],"likelihood":[110],"UP446":[112,155,184,255],"in":[113,120,193,203,256,270],"moderating":[114],"its":[117],"associated":[118],"symptoms":[119,258],"an":[121,225],"experimental":[122],"animal":[123],"model":[124,133],"RA.":[126,273],"MATERIALS":[127],"AND":[128],"METHODS:":[129],"A":[130],"rat":[132],"was":[134,221],"induced":[135],"by":[136,164,238],"injecting":[137],"Freund's":[138],"complete":[139],"adjuvant":[140],"into":[141],"left":[142],"right":[144],"hind":[145],"paw":[146,219],"base":[148],"tail.":[151],"Animals":[152,181],"were":[153],"administered":[154],"(50":[156],"mg/kg),":[157],"ibuprofen":[158],"(150":[159],"mg/kg":[160],"mg/kg)":[161],"or":[162],"vehicle":[163],"oral":[165],"gavage":[166],"30":[167],"min":[168],"prior":[169],"induction":[172],"each":[174],"day":[175,244],"thereafter":[176],"14":[178],"days.":[179],"RESULT:":[180],"treated":[182],"with":[183,224,272],"showed":[185],"23.7,":[186],"31.9,":[187],"33.4,":[188],"29.3,":[189],"33.1%":[191],"reduction":[192,202,242],"pain":[194],"sensitivity;":[195],"46.0,":[196],"36.7,":[197],"33.7,":[198],"34.8,":[199],"33.4%":[201],"ankle":[204],"diameter":[205],"on":[206,243],"days":[207],"3,":[208],"5,":[209],"7,":[210],"9,":[211],"13;":[213],"respectively;":[214],"compared":[215],"vehicle.":[217],"Similarly":[218],"edema":[220],"significantly":[222],"reduced":[223],"average":[226],"30%":[228],"first":[231],"reaction":[233],"period":[234],"(day":[235],"1-8)":[236],"followed":[237],"37.1":[239],"33.6%":[241],"9":[245],"13.":[247],"CONCLUSION:":[248],"These":[249],"data":[250],"indicate":[251],"potential":[252],"benefit":[253],"alleviating":[257],"support":[262],"human":[263],"clinical":[264],"evaluation":[265],"this":[267],"botanical":[268],"patients":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}