{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2033495447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/221258612x644584","title":"Who Goes, Who Stays, and Who Studies? Gender, Migration, and Educational Decisions among Rural Youth in China","display_name":"Who Goes, Who Stays, and Who Studies? Gender, Migration, and Educational Decisions among Rural Youth in China","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2033495447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/221258612x644584","mag":"2033495447"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1163/221258612x644584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/221258612x644584","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/221258612x644584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234265","display_name":"International Journal of Chinese Education","issn_l":"2212-585X","issn":["2212-585X","2212-5868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Chinese Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006256343","display_name":"Yi\u2010Lin Chiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7896-6791","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7896-6791"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilin Chiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6299 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6299 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056287705","display_name":"Emily Carroll Hannum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2011-9984","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2011-9984"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily Hannum","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6299 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6299 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102791011","display_name":"Grace Kao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6349-156X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6349-156X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grace Kao","raw_affiliation_strings":["1 Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6299 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6299 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9384,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9063937,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"106","last_page":"131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10628","display_name":"China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance","score":0.8140000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10628","display_name":"China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance","score":0.8140000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.10459999740123749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13618","display_name":"Regional Socio-Economic Development Trends","score":0.020400000736117363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-youth-migration","display_name":"rural youth migration","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-migration","display_name":"student migration","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-migration","display_name":"labor migration","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"academic performance","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/migrant-students","display_name":"migrant students","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-school-entrance-examination","display_name":"high school entrance examination","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-to-urban-migration","display_name":"rural-urban migration","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gansu","display_name":"Gansu Province","score":0.8100000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.7097768187522888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.6269279718399048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4175509512424469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3469446301460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.32286447286605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13752895593643188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1163/221258612x644584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/221258612x644584","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/221258612x644584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234265","display_name":"International Journal of Chinese Education","issn_l":"2212-585X","issn":["2212-585X","2212-5868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Chinese Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.993.775","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.993.775","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1004%26context%3Delmm","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.997.3596","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.997.3596","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1030%26context%3Dgansu_papers","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:20.500.14332/33158","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/33158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"published","raw_type":"Working Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:20.500.14332/34684","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/34684","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"published","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:elmm-1004","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=elmm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196331","display_name":"Scholarly Commons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asia-Pacific Education, Language Minorities and Migration (ELMM) Network Working Paper Series","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:gansu_papers-1030","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1030&context=gansu_papers","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196331","display_name":"Scholarly Commons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gansu Survey of Children and Families Papers","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b9c422da85f44860b7f70aa3f58cd1dd","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b9c422da85f44860b7f70aa3f58cd1dd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Chinese Education, Vol 1 (2012)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"score":0.6025999784469604,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G518297266","display_name":"The Gansu Survey of Children and Families, Wave 3","funder_award_id":"ES/E014518/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177459601","https://openalex.org/W1537901284","https://openalex.org/W1550055658","https://openalex.org/W1555917237","https://openalex.org/W1569619517","https://openalex.org/W1586972456","https://openalex.org/W1601386352","https://openalex.org/W1972161550","https://openalex.org/W1986643740","https://openalex.org/W1990305316","https://openalex.org/W2000548691","https://openalex.org/W2001337256","https://openalex.org/W2004842128","https://openalex.org/W2014234443","https://openalex.org/W2033581041","https://openalex.org/W2036164223","https://openalex.org/W2041094261","https://openalex.org/W2052849299","https://openalex.org/W2054577559","https://openalex.org/W2056129056","https://openalex.org/W2073259131","https://openalex.org/W2074058811","https://openalex.org/W2081885365","https://openalex.org/W2083663269","https://openalex.org/W2087126017","https://openalex.org/W2093155833","https://openalex.org/W2107080839","https://openalex.org/W2109005953","https://openalex.org/W2119175127","https://openalex.org/W2139186105","https://openalex.org/W2144582142","https://openalex.org/W2152357681","https://openalex.org/W2152835399","https://openalex.org/W2159651598","https://openalex.org/W2161567172","https://openalex.org/W2162731434","https://openalex.org/W2162759584","https://openalex.org/W2315047342","https://openalex.org/W2587163929","https://openalex.org/W3114137986","https://openalex.org/W3121332776","https://openalex.org/W3124896868","https://openalex.org/W3209731834","https://openalex.org/W4212867036","https://openalex.org/W4248621223","https://openalex.org/W4250993487","https://openalex.org/W4255749156"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100126091","https://openalex.org/W2960044993","https://openalex.org/W1997489690","https://openalex.org/W4387196183","https://openalex.org/W2065376238","https://openalex.org/W2112406143","https://openalex.org/W836972112","https://openalex.org/W1555917237","https://openalex.org/W2093849994","https://openalex.org/W4390825579"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Little":[0],"is":[1,103,120],"known":[2],"about":[3],"what":[4],"affects":[5],"the":[6,13,73,136,140,151],"decision":[7],"to":[8,86,96,107,122],"migrate":[9],"in":[10,21,36,65,72,135],"China,":[11],"despite":[12],"estimated":[14],"145":[15],"million":[16],"rural":[17],"migrants":[18],"that":[19],"reside":[20],"urban":[22],"areas":[23],"as":[24,131],"of":[25,31,76,138],"2009.":[26],"Drawing":[27],"on":[28,48,150],"a":[29,46,109,112,132],"survey":[30],"youth":[32,89],"from":[33],"100":[34],"villages":[35],"Gansu":[37],"Province,":[38],"we":[39],"analyze":[40],"migration":[41,128,155],"and":[42,55,115],"education":[43],"decisions,":[44],"with":[45,51,80,90],"focus":[47],"disparities":[49],"associated":[50],"gender,":[52],"sibship":[53],"structure,":[54],"academic":[56,118],"performance.":[57],"Results":[58],"show":[59],"modest":[60],"gender":[61,70],"differences":[62,71],"favoring":[63],"boys":[64],"educational":[66,123,154],"migration,":[67],"but":[68],"no":[69],"overall":[74],"likelihood":[75],"labor":[77,127,157],"migration.":[78,124,158],"Youth":[79],"older":[81,101],"sisters":[82,102],"are":[83,93],"less":[84],"likely":[85,95],"migrate,":[87],"while":[88],"younger":[91],"brothers":[92],"more":[94,148],"migrate.":[97],"For":[98,125],"girls,":[99],"having":[100],"also":[104],"negatively":[105],"related":[106,121],"being":[108],"local":[110],"or":[111],"migrant":[113],"student,":[114],"better":[116],"early":[117],"performance":[119],"boys,":[126],"may":[129],"serve":[130],"backup":[133],"plan":[134],"event":[137],"failing":[139],"high":[141],"school":[142],"entrance":[143],"examination.":[144],"Overall,":[145],"results":[146],"shed":[147],"light":[149],"factors":[152],"shaping":[153],"than":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}