{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2033336509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-994305","title":"Effect Measures for Behavioral Factors Adversely Affecting Fetal Growth","display_name":"Effect Measures for Behavioral Factors Adversely Affecting Fetal Growth","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2033336509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-994305","mag":"2033336509","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8672184"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1055/s-2007-994305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-994305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-994305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82239980","display_name":"American Journal of Perinatology","issn_l":"0735-1631","issn":["0735-1631","1098-8785"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320000","host_organization_name":"Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Perinatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050955593","display_name":"Arsenio Spinillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7755-1084","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7755-1084"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151645","display_name":"Policlinico San Matteo Fondazione","ror":"https://ror.org/05w1q1c88","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151645","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arsenio Spinillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinica Ostetrico-Ginecologica, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinica Ostetrico-Ginecologica, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151645"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069235985","display_name":"Ezio Capuzzo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151645","display_name":"Policlinico San Matteo Fondazione","ror":"https://ror.org/05w1q1c88","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151645","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ezio Capuzzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinica Ostetrico-Ginecologica, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy","San Matteo Policlinic, Pavia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinica Ostetrico-Ginecologica, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151645"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Matteo Policlinic, Pavia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151645"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055036836","display_name":"Gaia Piazzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4167-0794","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4167-0794"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151645","display_name":"Policlinico San Matteo Fondazione","ror":"https://ror.org/05w1q1c88","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151645","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaia Piazzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinica Ostetrico-Ginecologica, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy","San Matteo Policlinic, Pavia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinica Ostetrico-Ginecologica, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151645"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Matteo Policlinic, Pavia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151645"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112272599","display_name":"Federica Baltaro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151645","display_name":"Policlinico San Matteo Fondazione","ror":"https://ror.org/05w1q1c88","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151645","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federica Baltaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinica Ostetrico-Ginecologica, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy","San Matteo Policlinic, Pavia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinica Ostetrico-Ginecologica, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151645"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Matteo Policlinic, Pavia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151645"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039730419","display_name":"Angela Iasci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3733-8537","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3733-8537"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151645","display_name":"Policlinico San Matteo Fondazione","ror":"https://ror.org/05w1q1c88","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151645","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angela Iasci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinica Ostetrico-Ginecologica, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy","IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinica Ostetrico-Ginecologica, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151645"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151645"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064320297","display_name":"Sabrina Nicola","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151645","display_name":"Policlinico San Matteo Fondazione","ror":"https://ror.org/05w1q1c88","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151645","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabrina Nicola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinica Ostetrico-Ginecologica, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy","San Matteo Policlinic, Pavia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinica Ostetrico-Ginecologica, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151645"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Matteo Policlinic, Pavia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151645"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151645"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4645,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58278033,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"02","first_page":"119","last_page":"123"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10290","display_name":"Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies","score":0.6929000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10290","display_name":"Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies","score":0.6929000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11633","display_name":"Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects","score":0.29100000858306885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12741","display_name":"Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare","score":0.00989999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrauterine-growth-restriction","display_name":"fetal growth restriction","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-during-pregnancy","display_name":"smoking during pregnancy","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-consumption-in-pregnancy","display_name":"alcohol consumption in pregnancy","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illicit-drug-use-in-pregnancy","display_name":"illicit drug use in pregnancy","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attributable-risk","display_name":"attributable risk","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preventable-risk-factors","display_name":"preventable risk factors","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singleton-pregnancy","display_name":"singleton pregnancy","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/odds-ratio","display_name":"odds ratio","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preeclampsia","display_name":"preeclampsia","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociodemographic-risk-factors","display_name":"sociodemographic risk factors","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-morbidity","display_name":"infant morbidity","score":0.7570000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9154764413833618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.7095885872840881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172680121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26513","display_name":"Fetus","level":3,"score":0.6530322432518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.5902208685874939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.5809258222579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5533348917961121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46973012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28627","display_name":"Gestation","level":3,"score":0.518094003200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.5051313042640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777218350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61335","display_name":"Preeclampsia","level":3,"score":0.49060502648353577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993726049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297155","display_name":"Fetal growth","level":4,"score":0.4683840572834015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020705096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5253500","display_name":"Growth retardation","level":3,"score":0.4134376049041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4131048619747162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.18266841769218445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000428","descriptor_name":"Alcohol Drinking","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000428","descriptor_name":"Alcohol Drinking","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005317","descriptor_name":"Fetal Growth Retardation","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005317","descriptor_name":"Fetal Growth Retardation","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005317","descriptor_name":"Fetal Growth Retardation","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011248","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy Complications","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015430","descriptor_name":"Weight Gain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016017","descriptor_name":"Odds Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016216","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography, Prenatal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1055/s-2007-994305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-994305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-994305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82239980","display_name":"American Journal of Perinatology","issn_l":"0735-1631","issn":["0735-1631","1098-8785"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320000","host_organization_name":"Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Perinatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8672184","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8672184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of perinatology","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2142369013","https://openalex.org/W1497841130","https://openalex.org/W2028091469","https://openalex.org/W2004443376","https://openalex.org/W2056612980","https://openalex.org/W311720945","https://openalex.org/W2345400567","https://openalex.org/W4404150283","https://openalex.org/W4200108108","https://openalex.org/W2276762990"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,64,100],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,10,67,98,104,129,147,156,183,200],"this":[3],"study":[4],"was":[5,77],"to":[6,20,83,86,90,122,170,179],"estimate":[7,169],"the":[8,95,114,126,153,160,181,198],"proportion":[9,128],"ultrasonically":[11],"diagnosed":[12],"fetal":[13,39,58,68,105,130,202],"growth":[14,40,59,69,106,131,203],"retardation":[15,41,60,70,107,132],"that":[16,133,176],"may":[17,192],"be":[18,136],"attributable":[19,102],"potentially":[21],"remediable":[22],"factors":[23,142,158,186],"(for":[24,187],"example,":[25,188],"cigarette":[26,44],"smoking,":[27],"alcohol":[28,47],"use,":[29],"and":[30,46,48,61,117,159,204],"drug":[31,50],"addition).":[32],"We":[33,174],"computed":[34],"multivariate":[35],"odds":[36,65],"ratios":[37],"for":[38,144,152],"associated":[42,108],"with":[43,109],"smoking":[45,93],"illicit":[49],"consumption":[51],"in":[52],"350":[53],"singleton":[54],"pregnancies":[55],"complicated":[56],"by":[57,94,138],"700":[62],"controls.":[63],"ratio":[66],"among":[71],"women":[72,87],"who":[73,88],"smoked":[74],"throughout":[75],"pregnancy":[76],"2.61":[78],"(95%":[79],"confidence":[80],"interval,":[81],"1.38":[82],"4.93)":[84],"compared":[85],"claimed":[89],"have":[91,193],"stopped":[92],"18th":[96],"week":[97],"gestation.":[99],"summary":[101],"risk":[103,141,185],"behavioral":[110],"variables":[111],"measured":[112],"during":[113],"first":[115],"trimester":[116],"thereafter":[118],"ranged":[119],"from":[120],"18":[121],"21%.":[123],"By":[124],"implication,":[125],"maximum":[127],"could":[134],"theoretically":[135],"prevented":[137],"eliminating":[139],"these":[140],"accounts":[143],"about":[145],"1%":[146],"all":[148],"births.":[149],"However,":[150],"allowance":[151],"limited":[154],"modifiability":[155],"preventable":[157],"consistent":[161],"overlap":[162],"between":[163],"them":[164],"would":[165],"probably":[166],"reduce":[167,180],"such":[168],"less":[171],"than":[172],"1%.":[173],"conclude":[175],"only":[177],"interventions":[178],"prevalence":[182],"strong":[184],"preeclampsia,":[189],"sociodemographic":[190],"variables)":[191],"a":[194],"substantial":[195],"effect":[196],"on":[197],"incidence":[199],"impaired":[201],"subsequent":[205],"infant":[206],"morbidity.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}