{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2033228772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.5.1.2263","title":"2:1 Stoichiometry of the CED4\u2013CED9 Complex and the Tetrameric CED-4: Insights into the Regulation of CED-3 Activation","display_name":"2:1 Stoichiometry of the CED4\u2013CED9 Complex and the Tetrameric CED-4: Insights into the Regulation of CED-3 Activation","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2033228772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.5.1.2263","mag":"2033228772","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16294007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4161/cc.5.1.2263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.5.1.2263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.5.1.2263","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4161/cc.5.1.2263?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86011449","display_name":"Cell Cycle","issn_l":"1538-4101","issn":["1538-4101","1551-4005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cell Cycle","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4161/cc.5.1.2263?needAccess=true&role=button","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044192296","display_name":"Nieng Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4829-7416","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4829-7416"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nieng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006716123","display_name":"Yanhui Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1408-5178","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1408-5178"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanhui Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Biology ; Princeton University ; Lewis Thomas Laboratory ; Washington Road ; Princeton , New Jersey 08544 USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Biology ; Princeton University ; Lewis Thomas Laboratory ; Washington Road ; Princeton , New Jersey 08544 USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100610126","display_name":"Yigong Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2030-168X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2030-168X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yigong Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Biology ; Princeton University ; Lewis Thomas Laboratory ; Washington Road ; Princeton , New Jersey 08544 USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Biology ; Princeton University ; Lewis Thomas Laboratory ; Washington Road ; Princeton , New Jersey 08544 USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1884,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15708344,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"31","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10294","display_name":"Cell death mechanisms and regulation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10294","display_name":"Cell death mechanisms and regulation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10583","display_name":"Cancer-related Molecular Pathways","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11041","display_name":"Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ced-4","display_name":"CED-4","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ced-9","display_name":"CED-9","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ced-3","display_name":"CED-3","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/egl-1","display_name":"egl-1","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmed-cell-death","display_name":"programmed cell death","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caspase-activation","display_name":"caspase activation","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2-1-stoichiometry","display_name":"2:1 stoichiometry","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caenorhabditis-elegans","display_name":"Caenorhabditis elegans","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-crystal-structure","display_name":"protein crystal structure","score":0.5019999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778886173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53832","display_name":"Tetramer","level":3,"score":0.9271396994590759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779546866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531306","display_name":"Dimer","level":2,"score":0.8176629543304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5755665898323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144082473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213185","display_name":"Stoichiometry","level":2,"score":0.5109452605247498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31573885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304484","display_name":"Programmed cell death","level":3,"score":0.4749869406223297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.46389248967170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51639874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167149","display_name":"Plasma protein binding","level":2,"score":0.42713603377342224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.3932623863220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71240020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186011","display_name":"Stereochemistry","level":1,"score":0.34329575300216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.3408082127571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190283241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptosis","level":2,"score":0.32301193475723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2668616771697998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.23821568489074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.11005863547325134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002135","descriptor_name":"Calcium-Binding Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002135","descriptor_name":"Calcium-Binding Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002135","descriptor_name":"Calcium-Binding Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004789","descriptor_name":"Enzyme Activation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011518","descriptor_name":"Proto-Oncogene Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011518","descriptor_name":"Proto-Oncogene Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011518","descriptor_name":"Proto-Oncogene Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017173","descriptor_name":"Caenorhabditis elegans","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017173","descriptor_name":"Caenorhabditis elegans","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019253","descriptor_name":"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020169","descriptor_name":"Caspases","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020169","descriptor_name":"Caspases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020169","descriptor_name":"Caspases","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029742","descriptor_name":"Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029742","descriptor_name":"Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D029742","descriptor_name":"Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046912","descriptor_name":"Multiprotein Complexes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046912","descriptor_name":"Multiprotein Complexes","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051017","descriptor_name":"Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051017","descriptor_name":"Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051017","descriptor_name":"Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4161/cc.5.1.2263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.5.1.2263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.5.1.2263","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4161/cc.5.1.2263?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86011449","display_name":"Cell Cycle","issn_l":"1538-4101","issn":["1538-4101","1551-4005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cell Cycle","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16294007","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16294007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4161/cc.5.1.2263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.5.1.2263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.5.1.2263","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4161/cc.5.1.2263?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86011449","display_name":"Cell Cycle","issn_l":"1538-4101","issn":["1538-4101","1551-4005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cell Cycle","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2033228772.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2033228772.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501301649","https://openalex.org/W1532194993","https://openalex.org/W1607777232","https://openalex.org/W1911240597","https://openalex.org/W1964617786","https://openalex.org/W1966176339","https://openalex.org/W1968505830","https://openalex.org/W1979664185","https://openalex.org/W1995891719","https://openalex.org/W2002329941","https://openalex.org/W2004487226","https://openalex.org/W2008910497","https://openalex.org/W2023462381","https://openalex.org/W2024105041","https://openalex.org/W2024795929","https://openalex.org/W2031607201","https://openalex.org/W2031939898","https://openalex.org/W2043651078","https://openalex.org/W2048750043","https://openalex.org/W2054681435","https://openalex.org/W2061497413","https://openalex.org/W2068240610","https://openalex.org/W2072252062","https://openalex.org/W2075352602","https://openalex.org/W2083560313","https://openalex.org/W2087128996","https://openalex.org/W2087450028","https://openalex.org/W2087877138","https://openalex.org/W2089247952","https://openalex.org/W2119683782","https://openalex.org/W2125844723","https://openalex.org/W2140482135","https://openalex.org/W2140951631","https://openalex.org/W2143022663","https://openalex.org/W2143772496","https://openalex.org/W2144701362","https://openalex.org/W2149755594","https://openalex.org/W2151501496","https://openalex.org/W2157946671","https://openalex.org/W2158882381","https://openalex.org/W2318774711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002329941","https://openalex.org/W1501301649","https://openalex.org/W2048750043","https://openalex.org/W2031607201","https://openalex.org/W2157946671","https://openalex.org/W2095052838","https://openalex.org/W4238010530","https://openalex.org/W4281852527","https://openalex.org/W1624001120","https://openalex.org/W2140951631"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Four":[0],"evolutionally":[1],"conserved":[2],"proteins":[3],"-EGL-1,":[4],"CED-9,":[5],"CED-4":[6,34,57,69,76,86,107,130],"and":[7,58,117],"CED-3-":[8],"collectively":[9],"control":[10],"the":[11,24,38,44,66,71,85,113,126],"initiation":[12],"of":[13,22,33,43,68,95,103,115],"programmed":[14],"cell":[15,25],"death":[16],"(PCD)":[17],"in":[18,65],"Caenorhabditis":[19],"elegans.":[20],"Activation":[21],"CED-3,":[23],"killing":[26],"caspase,":[27],"requires":[28],"CED-4.":[29],"The":[30,74],"pro-death":[31],"function":[32],"is":[35,93],"inhibited":[36],"by":[37,105,128],"mitochondria-bound":[39],"CED-9.":[40,59],"Crystal":[41],"structure":[42],"150-kDa":[45],"CED-4-CED-9":[46,72],"complex":[47],"at":[48],"2.6":[49],"A":[50],"resolution":[51],"reveals":[52],"a":[53,82],"2:1":[54],"stoichiometry":[55],"between":[56],"EGL-1":[60],"binding":[61],"to":[62,80,124],"CED-9":[63,99],"results":[64],"dissociation":[67],"from":[70,109],"complex.":[73],"freed":[75],"dimer":[77,90,108],"further":[78,110],"dimerizes":[79],"form":[81],"tetramer.":[83],"Only":[84],"tetramer,":[87],"but":[88],"not":[89],"or":[91],"monomer,":[92],"capable":[94],"activating":[96],"CED-3.":[97],"Thus,":[98],"inhibits":[100],"CED-4-mediated":[101],"activation":[102],"CED-3":[104,132],"sequestering":[106],"dimerization.":[111],"On":[112],"basis":[114],"structural":[116],"biochemical":[118],"analyses,":[119],"working":[120],"models":[121],"are":[122],"proposed":[123],"explain":[125],"mechanism":[127],"which":[129],"facilitates":[131],"activation.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}