{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2033201178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(94)90006-x","title":"Impact of patient incompetence on decisions to use or withhold life-sustaining treatment","display_name":"Impact of patient incompetence on decisions to use or withhold life-sustaining treatment","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2033201178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(94)90006-x","mag":"2033201178","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8092172"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0002-9343(94)90006-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(94)90006-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(94)90006-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186920367","display_name":"The American Journal of Medicine","issn_l":"0002-9343","issn":["0002-9343","1555-7162"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Journal of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Laura C. Hanson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laura C. Hanson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of General Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599","Division of General Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008883559","display_name":"Marion Danis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4749-4568","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4749-4568"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marion Danis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of General Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046373359","display_name":"Elizabeth J. Mutran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Mutran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of General Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113437104","display_name":"Nora L. Keenan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nora L. Keenan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of General Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"apc_list":{"value":3770,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3770},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6188,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94272731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"97","issue":"3","first_page":"235","last_page":"241"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10177","display_name":"Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10177","display_name":"Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11678","display_name":"Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14437","display_name":"Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/withholding-life-sustaining-treatment","display_name":"withholding life-sustaining treatment","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-of-life-decision-making","display_name":"end-of-life decisions","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-surrogate-decision-making","display_name":"family surrogate decision-making","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advance-directives","display_name":"advance directives","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-impairment","display_name":"cognitive impairment","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-disorders","display_name":"mental illness","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-stage-heart-failure","display_name":"end-stage heart failure","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","display_name":"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"cancer","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-cirrhosis","display_name":"liver cirrhosis","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-family-conflict","display_name":"physician-family conflict","score":0.49799999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.949719250202179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.5729633569717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.41468819975852966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005066","descriptor_name":"Euthanasia, Passive","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008020","descriptor_name":"Life Support Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009657","descriptor_name":"North Carolina","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016743","descriptor_name":"Mental Competency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018579","descriptor_name":"Patient Selection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D028642","descriptor_name":"Persons with Psychiatric Disorders","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D028761","descriptor_name":"Withholding Treatment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0002-9343(94)90006-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(94)90006-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(94)90006-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186920367","display_name":"The American Journal of Medicine","issn_l":"0002-9343","issn":["0002-9343","1555-7162"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Journal of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8092172","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8092172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/747757","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/747757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BRL:KIE/50170","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/876705","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Impact+of+Patient+Incompetence+on+Decisions+to+Use+Or+Withhold+Life-Sustaining+Treatment&title=American+Journal+of+Medicine+&volume=97&issue=3&spage=235-241&date=1994-09&au=Hanson,+Laura+C.;+Danis,+Marion;+Mutran,+Elizabeth;+Keenan,+Nora+L.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:143474","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9907000064849854,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W224644815","https://openalex.org/W1801519755","https://openalex.org/W1964655568","https://openalex.org/W1967092342","https://openalex.org/W1968591717","https://openalex.org/W1989190529","https://openalex.org/W1989917485","https://openalex.org/W1998384237","https://openalex.org/W2002061757","https://openalex.org/W2008001317","https://openalex.org/W2014586823","https://openalex.org/W2033376947","https://openalex.org/W2044987352","https://openalex.org/W2045630115","https://openalex.org/W2048997229","https://openalex.org/W2059579342","https://openalex.org/W2063378897","https://openalex.org/W2063882842","https://openalex.org/W2067797135","https://openalex.org/W2071637551","https://openalex.org/W2081113842","https://openalex.org/W2083374249","https://openalex.org/W2085891265","https://openalex.org/W2088676059","https://openalex.org/W2103684876","https://openalex.org/W2124462043","https://openalex.org/W2129669738","https://openalex.org/W2136843007","https://openalex.org/W2145471842","https://openalex.org/W2312706491","https://openalex.org/W2317498994","https://openalex.org/W2317630307","https://openalex.org/W2337048718","https://openalex.org/W2412532831","https://openalex.org/W2413598157","https://openalex.org/W2420909796","https://openalex.org/W2746652772","https://openalex.org/W2901874872","https://openalex.org/W3021183132","https://openalex.org/W4213368508","https://openalex.org/W4229864553","https://openalex.org/W4230236255","https://openalex.org/W4247058534","https://openalex.org/W4293242440","https://openalex.org/W4301227471"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4234573468","https://openalex.org/W2402449268","https://openalex.org/W6995996102","https://openalex.org/W2416073065","https://openalex.org/W2995830415","https://openalex.org/W2317498994","https://openalex.org/W4254598217","https://openalex.org/W2028253813","https://openalex.org/W7146580436","https://openalex.org/W265418983"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}