{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2032995709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/vcr.2010.0047","title":"Greening Victorian Studies","display_name":"Greening Victorian Studies","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2032995709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/vcr.2010.0047","mag":"2032995709"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/vcr.2010.0047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/vcr.2010.0047","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/vcr.2010.0047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90494071","display_name":"Victorian review","issn_l":"0848-1512","issn":["0848-1512","1923-3280"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313031","host_organization_name":"Canadian Population Society; University of Alberta, Population Research Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313031"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Population Society; University of Alberta, Population Research Laboratory"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Victorian Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048196856","display_name":"Barbara T. Gates","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Barbara T. Gates","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048196856"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35742906,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"2","first_page":"11","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12457","display_name":"Ecocriticism and Environmental Literature","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12457","display_name":"Ecocriticism and Environmental Literature","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12471","display_name":"History of Science and Natural History","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13028","display_name":"Literature and Culture Studies","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/victorian-literature","display_name":"Victorian literature","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speciesism","display_name":"speciesism","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-animal-relations","display_name":"human-animal relations","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-history","display_name":"natural history","score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marianne-north","display_name":"Marianne North","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frances-power-cobbe","display_name":"Frances Power Cobbe","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charles-darwin","display_name":"Charles Darwin","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmentalism","display_name":"environmentalism","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conservation","display_name":"conservation","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-writers","display_name":"women writers","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travel-writing","display_name":"travel writing","score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ostrich-farming","display_name":"ostrich farming","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-animal-divide","display_name":"human-animal distinction","score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-domestication","display_name":"animal domestication","score":0.3919999897480011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.66495281457901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203404855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2855609","display_name":"Environmentalism","level":3,"score":0.648606538772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5741482973098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777375102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208351","display_name":"Disgust","level":3,"score":0.5312855839729309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5236615538597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.5165061354637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263","display_name":"Empathy","level":2,"score":0.49852895736694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91802169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603739","display_name":"Ecocriticism","level":2,"score":0.4891703426837921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.47267088294029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538525177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426","display_name":"Animal rights","level":2,"score":0.45453599095344543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780720250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068761","display_name":"Consilience","level":2,"score":0.451262503862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019183317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1035","display_name":"Charles darwin","level":3,"score":0.44320714473724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.43587738275527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70789860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2018526","display_name":"The arts","level":2,"score":0.41481760144233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3738343119621277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.2539345622062683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.21655550599098206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196919123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183493","display_name":"Darwinism","level":2,"score":0.20601379871368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.19532039761543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.17831766605377197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.17655161023139954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.15744063258171082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13864466547966003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.12365427613258362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12132200598716736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779302386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871","display_name":"Anger","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/vcr.2010.0047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/vcr.2010.0047","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/vcr.2010.0047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90494071","display_name":"Victorian review","issn_l":"0848-1512","issn":["0848-1512","1923-3280"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313031","host_organization_name":"Canadian Population Society; University of Alberta, Population Research Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313031"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Population Society; University of Alberta, Population Research Laboratory"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Victorian Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/478548","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/478548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W335358865","https://openalex.org/W593033011","https://openalex.org/W1544419049","https://openalex.org/W1546132379","https://openalex.org/W1582175491","https://openalex.org/W1738194719","https://openalex.org/W2033045102","https://openalex.org/W2122111727","https://openalex.org/W2956031410"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2309827338","https://openalex.org/W2118754413","https://openalex.org/W4249119755","https://openalex.org/W7044087615","https://openalex.org/W4220907061","https://openalex.org/W2615331289","https://openalex.org/W4247692425","https://openalex.org/W2965821528","https://openalex.org/W4235432536","https://openalex.org/W3009858803"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Greening":[0],"Victorian":[1],"Studies":[2],"Barbara":[3],"T.":[4],"Gates":[5],"(bio)":[6],"Since":[7],"Charles":[8],"Darwin":[9],"sits":[10],"so":[11,361,456],"firmly":[12],"at":[13,92,103],"the":[14,31,44,47,64,107,112,128,132,142,175,190,193,217,224,245,248,265,275,278,287,292,324,363,369,380,383,391,397,401,481,499,509,526,539,563,569,586,595,602,626,629,634,654],"middle":[15],"of":[16,46,95,109,131,146,163,192,209,214,247,261,277,326,335,349,365,399,440,463,501,511,571,604,620,625,628,644,648,656,670],"our":[17,577],"century,":[18],"it":[19,117,294],"is":[20,118,323],"primarily":[21],"in":[22,33,43,63,244,263,280,355,373,406,411,505,525,568,576,585,646],"scholarship":[23],"on":[24,274,308,601,642],"evolution":[25],"that":[26,385,403,465],"we":[27,69,76,90,97],"Victorianists":[28],"have":[29,472,520,549],"led":[30],"way":[32],"green":[34],"studies.":[35],"Recently,":[36],"however,":[37,358],"there":[38],"has":[39],"been":[40],"considerable":[41],"interest":[42,584],"study":[45,305,570],"nineteenth":[48,527],"century":[49],"and":[50,66,84,106,111,140,144,196,212,251,259,267,345,366,415,419,428,507,573,614,633,662,673],"its":[51,59],"concern":[52,60],"with":[53,61,137,141,211,231,317],"non-human":[54],"animals,":[55,74,160],"as":[56,58,78,243,299,338,346,552],"well":[57,286],"botany":[62],"humanities":[65],"arts.":[67],"If":[68],"now":[70,331],"admit":[71],"to":[72,101,120,154,185,296,333,459,492,513,522,565,612],"being":[73],"are":[75,236,455,589],"also,":[77],"Thoreau":[79,613],"said,":[80],"\"not":[81],"partly":[82],"leaves":[83],"vegetable":[85],"mould\"":[86],"(216)?":[87],"But":[88,270],"when":[89,201],"look":[91,102],"nineteenth-century":[93,605],"views":[94],"nature,":[96],"ought":[98],"not":[99,151,182,360],"simply":[100],"environmentalism,":[104],"preservation,":[105],"conservation":[108,645],"species":[110],"landscapes":[113],"they":[114,393,471],"inhabit,":[115],"though":[116],"essential":[119],"do":[121],"so.":[122],"We":[123,330],"need":[124],"also":[125,272],"peer":[126],"into":[127,437],"darker":[129],"side":[130],"picture.":[133],"Despite":[134],"their":[135,155],"fascination":[136],"natural":[138,587],"history":[139],"categorizing":[143],"naming":[145],"species,":[147,502,535],"most":[148,637],"Victorians":[149],"were":[150,169],"especially":[152],"sensitive":[153,177],"own":[156],"underlying":[157],"speciesism.":[158],"Non-human":[159],"like":[161,435,622],"people":[162,518],"other":[164],"races":[165],"or":[166,172],"sexual":[167],"preferences,":[168],"often":[170],"discounted":[171],"disdained.":[173],"Even":[174],"exceptionally":[176],"Frances":[178],"Power":[179],"Cobbe":[180],"would":[181],"extend":[183],"empathy":[184],"oysters.":[186],"In":[187],"turning":[188],"over":[189],"pages":[191],"many":[194,207],"travel":[195],"farming":[197],"accounts":[198],"I":[199,205,228,255,548,559,593,607],"perused":[200,594],"writing":[202],"Kindred":[203],"Nature,":[204],"found":[206],"instances":[208],"disgust":[210],"\"othering\"":[213],"animals":[215,371,426,541],"by":[216,233,342,474],"supposedly":[218],"animal-loving":[219],"British.":[220],"This":[221],"was":[222,289,359,677],"all":[223],"more":[225,238,488],"surprising":[226],"because":[227,558],"worked":[229],"mainly":[230],"texts":[232],"women,":[234],"who":[235,580,636],"purportedly":[237],"tender-hearted":[239],"concerning":[240],"animals.":[241,351],"Sometimes,":[242],"work":[246],"well-known":[249],"artist":[250],"writer":[252],"Marianne":[253],"North,":[254],"discovered":[256],"a":[257,318,339,347,536,546,582,598],"love":[258,669],"understanding":[260],"otherness":[262],"both":[264,671],"plant":[266],"animal":[268,288],"kingdoms.":[269],"North":[271],"remarked":[273],"dullness":[276],"sloth":[279],"Brazil,":[281],"little":[282,618],"concerned":[283],"about":[284,467,498,503,508,516],"how":[285],"suited":[290],"for":[291,378,395,421,443,533,538,597],"life":[293],"needed":[295],"live.":[297],"Take":[298],"another":[300],"example":[301],"Annie":[302,657],"Martin's":[303,356,374,484,531],"little-known":[304],"Home":[306],"Life":[307],"an":[309],"Ostrich":[310],"Farm":[311],"(1890).":[312],"Martin":[313,388],"opens":[314],"her":[315,396,405,412,493,640,660,663,668],"book":[316],"telltale":[319],"sentence:":[320],"\"South":[321],"Africa":[322,337],"land":[325,340,348,631],"pet":[327],"animals\"":[328],"(25).":[329],"tend":[332],"think":[334],"South":[336,407],"long-troubled":[341],"human":[343,674],"oppression":[344],"wild":[350,370],"What":[352],"amazed":[353],"me":[354],"book,":[357],"much":[362],"domestication":[364],"insensitivity":[367],"toward":[368,382],"kept":[372],"menagerie\u2014a":[375],"secretary":[376],"bird,":[377],"example\u2014as":[379],"attitude":[381],"ostriches":[384,447,485],"she":[386,490,544],"farmed.":[387],"really":[389],"disliked":[390],"birds;":[392],"became":[394],"epitome":[398],"otherness,":[400],"things":[402],"trapped":[404],"Africa.":[408],"They":[409,496,529],"were,":[410],"view,":[413],"mean-minded":[414],"stupid.":[416],"When":[417],"chased":[418],"cornered,":[420],"example,":[422],"these":[423],"formerly":[424],"free-running":[425],"panicked":[427],"did":[429],"themselves":[430],"damage":[431],"through":[432,542],"foolish":[433],"actions":[434],"running":[436],"fences.":[438],"(This,":[439],"course,":[441],"made":[442,545],"financial":[444],"loss.)":[445],"Moreover,":[446],"seemed":[448],"ugly,":[449],"\"queer":[450],"looking":[451],"creatures\"":[452],"(106).":[453,483],"\"They":[454],"awkward,\"":[457],"according":[458],"Martin,":[460],"\"so":[461],"out":[462],"proportion,\"":[464],"everything":[466],"them":[468],"suggests":[469],"\"that":[470],"only":[473],"some":[475],"mistake":[476],"survived":[477],"[End":[478],"Page":[479],"11]":[480],"Deluge\"":[482],"may":[486],"reveal":[487,530],"than":[489],"intended":[491],"late-Victorian":[494],"audience.":[495],"tell":[497],"colonization":[500,504],"general,":[506],"project":[510],"empire,":[512],"say":[514],"nothing":[515],"what":[517],"might":[519],"wanted":[521],"read":[523],"late":[524],"century.":[528],"disdain":[532],"farmed":[534],"disrespect":[537],"very":[540],"which":[543],"living.":[547],"deliberately":[550],"chosen":[551],"my":[553],"examples":[554],"two":[555],"women":[556,579],"writers":[557,621],"believe":[560],"that,":[561],"despite":[562],"attempt":[564],"redress":[566],"balance":[567],"male":[572],"female":[574],"figures":[575],"field,":[578],"demonstrated":[581],"keen":[583],"world":[588],"still":[590],"overlooked.":[591],"As":[592],"program":[596],"2009":[599],"conference":[600],"greening":[603],"studies,":[606],"noticed":[608],"whole":[609],"sections":[610],"devoted":[611],"Wordsworth":[615],"but":[616],"saw":[617],"mention":[619],"Octavia":[623],"Hill\u2014one":[624],"earliest":[627],"British":[630],"conservationists,":[632],"one":[635],"carefully":[638],"framed":[639],"efforts":[641],"behalf":[643],"terms":[647],"dispossessed":[649],"humanity.":[650],"Hill":[651,676],"offers":[652],"us":[653],"antithesis":[655],"Martin.":[658],"Both":[659],"temperament":[661],"early":[664],"home":[665],"situation":[666],"fostered":[667],"nature":[672],"nature.":[675],"politically":[678],"astute...":[679]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}