{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2032929322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1984.tb00052.x","title":"ANALYSIS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO PAPAIN DIGESTION PRODUCTS OF TETANUS TOXIN","display_name":"ANALYSIS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO PAPAIN DIGESTION PRODUCTS OF TETANUS TOXIN","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2032929322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1984.tb00052.x","mag":"2032929322","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6711309"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1984.tb00052.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1984.tb00052.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1984.tb00052.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228615","display_name":"Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section C Immunology","issn_l":"0108-0202","issn":["0108-0202","0304-1328"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Series C: Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031670137","display_name":"Torsten B. Helting","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105121","display_name":"Behringwerke (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01647vc39","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105121"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T. B. HELTING","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Laboratories, Behringwerke AG Marburg/Lahn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Laboratories, Behringwerke AG Marburg/Lahn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105121"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031360414","display_name":"H. -H. NAU","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105121","display_name":"Behringwerke (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01647vc39","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105121"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. -H. NAU","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Laboratories, Behringwerke AG Marburg/Lahn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Laboratories, Behringwerke AG Marburg/Lahn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105121"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031670137"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105121"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4028,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80580147,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"92C","issue":"1-6","first_page":"59","last_page":"63"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12499","display_name":"Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus","score":0.923799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12499","display_name":"Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus","score":0.923799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.06159999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11288","display_name":"Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tetanus-toxin","display_name":"tetanus toxin","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/papain-digestion","display_name":"papain digestion","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxin-fragments","display_name":"toxin fragments","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tetanus-toxoid","display_name":"tetanus toxoid","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protective-immunity","display_name":"protective immunity","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutralizing-antibodies","display_name":"neutralizing antibodies","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epitopes","display_name":"antigenic determinants","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intramolecular-competition","display_name":"intramolecular competition","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunogenicity","display_name":"immunogenicity","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guinea-pig","display_name":"guinea pig","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mice","display_name":"mice","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-immunization","display_name":"active immunization","score":0.6880000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908822","display_name":"Toxoid","level":4,"score":0.903691291809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779841045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47790","display_name":"Tetanus","level":3,"score":0.8750481605529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779909307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660181","display_name":"Immunogen","level":4,"score":0.8006731271743774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780868878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660197","display_name":"Immunogenicity","level":3,"score":0.6920459270477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.6055496335029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777367657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184651","display_name":"Toxin","level":2,"score":0.5847387909889221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779832904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410420","display_name":"Papain","level":3,"score":0.5201021432876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415366","display_name":"Immunization","level":3,"score":0.5156346559524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.46764349937438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776612079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309471","display_name":"Clostridium tetani","level":4,"score":0.44834771752357483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4075963497161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.3910638689994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.356428325176239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.2621854841709137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0849684476852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542903549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422248","display_name":"Monoclonal antibody","level":3,"score":0.06399917602539062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000907","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000907","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004797","descriptor_name":"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006168","descriptor_name":"Guinea Pigs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010206","descriptor_name":"Papain","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010446","descriptor_name":"Peptide Fragments","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010446","descriptor_name":"Peptide Fragments","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010446","descriptor_name":"Peptide Fragments","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013743","descriptor_name":"Tetanus Antitoxin","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013744","descriptor_name":"Tetanus Toxin","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013744","descriptor_name":"Tetanus Toxin","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013744","descriptor_name":"Tetanus Toxin","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013745","descriptor_name":"Tetanus Toxoid","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013745","descriptor_name":"Tetanus Toxoid","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013745","descriptor_name":"Tetanus Toxoid","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046911","descriptor_name":"Macromolecular Substances","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1984.tb00052.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1984.tb00052.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1984.tb00052.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228615","display_name":"Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section C Immunology","issn_l":"0108-0202","issn":["0108-0202","0304-1328"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Series C: Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:6711309","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6711309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. Section C, Immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53070584","https://openalex.org/W1565636616","https://openalex.org/W1583522937","https://openalex.org/W1604089992","https://openalex.org/W1834379353","https://openalex.org/W1952620523","https://openalex.org/W1971604818","https://openalex.org/W1971788010","https://openalex.org/W1976492984","https://openalex.org/W2034416949","https://openalex.org/W2053500295","https://openalex.org/W2054189087","https://openalex.org/W2774846296","https://openalex.org/W4313315460"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W79621349","https://openalex.org/W1565636616","https://openalex.org/W1605877026","https://openalex.org/W2004108762","https://openalex.org/W1977865666","https://openalex.org/W2052645557","https://openalex.org/W1967589036","https://openalex.org/W1969015272","https://openalex.org/W2054189087","https://openalex.org/W2417826811"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tetanus":[0],"toxin":[1,24,148],"was":[2,25,69],"degraded":[3],"by":[4,174,187],"papain":[5],"and":[6,12,35,107],"the":[7,96,147,155,165,183,188,197],"previously":[8],"characterized":[9],"Fragment":[10,13,33,36,49,67,83],"B":[11,34,50,106],"C":[14,68,84,108],"were":[15],"isolated.":[16],"The":[17,137,161,180],"induction":[18],"of":[19,63,118,127,131,146,158,182],"protective":[20],"immunity":[21],"against":[22],"tetanus":[23,42,64,98,132,159],"subsequently":[26],"investigated":[27],"in":[28,110,143],"two":[29],"animal":[30,103,198],"models":[31],"using":[32,123],"C,":[37],"as":[38,40,185],"well":[39],"conventional":[41],"toxoid":[43,99,167],"for":[44,59],"comparison.":[45],"In":[46,78,101],"guinea":[47,121],"pigs,":[48],"showed":[51],"an":[52,60,74],"immunizing":[53],"potency":[54],"similar":[55,89],"to":[56,90,164,172],"that":[57,91,140],"recorded":[58],"equal":[61,75],"amount":[62],"toxoid,":[65],"whereas":[66],"considerably":[70],"less":[71],"efficient,":[72],"on":[73],"weight":[76],"basis.":[77],"contrast,":[79],"mice":[80],"immunized":[81],"with":[82,95],"reached":[85],"a":[86,111,128],"protection":[87,189],"level":[88],"achieved":[92],"after":[93,125,191],"immunization":[94,193],"complete":[97,166],"antigen.":[100],"both":[102],"models,":[104],"Fragments":[105],"acted":[109],"synergistic":[112],"fashion":[113],"when":[114],"injected":[115],"together.":[116],"Analysis":[117],"sera":[119],"from":[120],"pigs":[122],"ELISA,":[124],"administration":[126],"low":[129],"dose":[130],"immunogen":[133],"corroborated":[134],"these":[135],"results.":[136],"data":[138],"indicate":[139],"antigenic":[141,178],"determinants":[142],"distinct":[144],"regions":[145],"molecule":[149],"independently":[150],"may":[151,169,194],"induce":[152],"antibodies":[153],"neutralizing":[154],"lethal":[156],"action":[157],"toxin.":[160],"immune":[162],"response":[163],"antigen":[168],"be":[170],"subject":[171],"influence":[173],"intramolecular":[175],"competition":[176],"between":[177],"determinants.":[179],"immunogenicity":[181],"fragments":[184],"measured":[186],"rate":[190],"active":[192],"depend":[195],"upon":[196],"species":[199],"used.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}