{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2032677261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.2001.22430","title":"Current status of medical and surgical therapy for obesity","display_name":"Current status of medical and surgical therapy for obesity","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2032677261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.2001.22430","mag":"2032677261","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11179243"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1053/gast.2001.22430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.2001.22430","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.2001.22430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143352558","display_name":"Gastroenterology","issn_l":"0016-5085","issn":["0016-5085","1528-0012"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gastroenterology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103159904","display_name":"Edward C. Mun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4945-1932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4945-1932"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316535847","display_name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04drvxt59","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward C. Mun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. emun@caregroup.harvard.edu","Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. emun@caregroup.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112158610","display_name":"George L. Blackburn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316535847","display_name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04drvxt59","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George L. Blackburn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, Drawings of bariatric procedures were provided by Dr. Alejandro Heffess., Dr. Blackburn has worked as a consultant and/or received research grants from pharmaceutical companies whose medications are discussed in this article","Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, Drawings of bariatric procedures were provided by Dr. Alejandro Heffess., Dr. Blackburn has worked as a consultant and/or received research grants from pharmaceutical companies whose medications are discussed in this article","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065977130","display_name":"Jeffrey B. Matthews","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9045-1141","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9045-1141"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316535847","display_name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04drvxt59","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey B. Matthews","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, Drawings of bariatric procedures were provided by Dr. Alejandro Heffess., Dr. Blackburn has worked as a consultant and/or received research grants from pharmaceutical companies whose medications are discussed in this article","Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, Drawings of bariatric procedures were provided by Dr. Alejandro Heffess., Dr. Blackburn has worked as a consultant and/or received research grants from pharmaceutical companies whose medications are discussed in this article","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4180,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4180},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9437,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":304,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97273854,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"120","issue":"3","first_page":"669","last_page":"681"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10569","display_name":"Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10569","display_name":"Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12539","display_name":"Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bariatric-surgery","display_name":"bariatric surgery","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roux-en-y-gastric-bypass","display_name":"Roux-en-Y gastric bypass","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity-pharmacotherapy","display_name":"obesity pharmacotherapy","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-weight-loss-intervention","display_name":"behavioral weight loss","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diet-and-exercise","display_name":"diet and exercise","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-obesity","display_name":"childhood obesity","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity-related-comorbidities","display_name":"obesity-related comorbidities","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leptin","display_name":"leptin","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity-genetics","display_name":"obesity genetics","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weight-loss","display_name":"weight loss","score":0.5559999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8426767587661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.7502578496932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544821477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718113","display_name":"Weight loss","level":3,"score":0.6931424140930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5249971151351929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780578515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193","display_name":"Metabolic syndrome","level":3,"score":0.43573033809661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.4262756407260895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779388726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272714","display_name":"Gallstones","level":2,"score":0.412983238697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.40152233839035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.36954325437545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3574216365814209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3364292085170746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.24869629740715027}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000713","descriptor_name":"Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001521","descriptor_name":"Behavior Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007581","descriptor_name":"Jejunoileal Bypass","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015390","descriptor_name":"Gastric Bypass","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015391","descriptor_name":"Gastroplasty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015431","descriptor_name":"Weight Loss","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1053/gast.2001.22430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.2001.22430","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.2001.22430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143352558","display_name":"Gastroenterology","issn_l":"0016-5085","issn":["0016-5085","1528-0012"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gastroenterology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11179243","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11179243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gastroenterology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":139,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36044457","https://openalex.org/W144230797","https://openalex.org/W148370337","https://openalex.org/W185052874","https://openalex.org/W1257453587","https://openalex.org/W1491321233","https://openalex.org/W1498791370","https://openalex.org/W1512875938","https://openalex.org/W1561443084","https://openalex.org/W1572708363","https://openalex.org/W1575263278","https://openalex.org/W1586286803","https://openalex.org/W1599451487","https://openalex.org/W1606342288","https://openalex.org/W1639930240","https://openalex.org/W1684647427","https://openalex.org/W1800450601","https://openalex.org/W1910551340","https://openalex.org/W1923628472","https://openalex.org/W1924583624","https://openalex.org/W1966744317","https://openalex.org/W1966905143","https://openalex.org/W1968062435","https://openalex.org/W1969249565","https://openalex.org/W1973457543","https://openalex.org/W1975572594","https://openalex.org/W1977038754","https://openalex.org/W1979165143","https://openalex.org/W1980690018","https://openalex.org/W1983872288","https://openalex.org/W1985230518","https://openalex.org/W1987630729","https://openalex.org/W1987644130","https://openalex.org/W1988437887","https://openalex.org/W1990421662","https://openalex.org/W1992656515","https://openalex.org/W1996713062","https://openalex.org/W1999159221","https://openalex.org/W1999400715","https://openalex.org/W2001913879","https://openalex.org/W2002032812","https://openalex.org/W2002456529","https://openalex.org/W2008632158","https://openalex.org/W2009063314","https://openalex.org/W2009695288","https://openalex.org/W2011435822","https://openalex.org/W2012496594","https://openalex.org/W2013271332","https://openalex.org/W2015591615","https://openalex.org/W2015918699","https://openalex.org/W2016426000","https://openalex.org/W2016962797","https://openalex.org/W2018706598","https://openalex.org/W2019431315","https://openalex.org/W2020482290","https://openalex.org/W2021332243","https://openalex.org/W2021919623","https://openalex.org/W2029034679","https://openalex.org/W2029091236","https://openalex.org/W2030758440","https://openalex.org/W2030789541","https://openalex.org/W2037030202","https://openalex.org/W2038034590","https://openalex.org/W2042436930","https://openalex.org/W2043072682","https://openalex.org/W2044587790","https://openalex.org/W2044716730","https://openalex.org/W2044978102","https://openalex.org/W2048557080","https://openalex.org/W2050315781","https://openalex.org/W2050359523","https://openalex.org/W2050439317","https://openalex.org/W2051550355","https://openalex.org/W2056070465","https://openalex.org/W2056980069","https://openalex.org/W2060082432","https://openalex.org/W2060565961","https://openalex.org/W2060682066","https://openalex.org/W2061204347","https://openalex.org/W2064000100","https://openalex.org/W2064033190","https://openalex.org/W2065389660","https://openalex.org/W2066398818","https://openalex.org/W2067534710","https://openalex.org/W2067834752","https://openalex.org/W2070083015","https://openalex.org/W2073945555","https://openalex.org/W2075830334","https://openalex.org/W2077746928","https://openalex.org/W2079965885","https://openalex.org/W2080582844","https://openalex.org/W2082314821","https://openalex.org/W2085068694","https://openalex.org/W2086119807","https://openalex.org/W2087891439","https://openalex.org/W2088851223","https://openalex.org/W2108146517","https://openalex.org/W2109060624","https://openalex.org/W2111860319","https://openalex.org/W2120420604","https://openalex.org/W2122882834","https://openalex.org/W2125312207","https://openalex.org/W2125510262","https://openalex.org/W2126545747","https://openalex.org/W2132930967","https://openalex.org/W2134362869","https://openalex.org/W2134839981","https://openalex.org/W2134860420","https://openalex.org/W2137231055","https://openalex.org/W2139484090","https://openalex.org/W2140968135","https://openalex.org/W2151063433","https://openalex.org/W2158326572","https://openalex.org/W2159044267","https://openalex.org/W2166266400","https://openalex.org/W2167727167","https://openalex.org/W2184401029","https://openalex.org/W2231731936","https://openalex.org/W2290920852","https://openalex.org/W2312331326","https://openalex.org/W2320856221","https://openalex.org/W2323202746","https://openalex.org/W2335145280","https://openalex.org/W2337606293","https://openalex.org/W2415521345","https://openalex.org/W2416468749","https://openalex.org/W2418477639","https://openalex.org/W2419117094","https://openalex.org/W2419346514","https://openalex.org/W2436749559","https://openalex.org/W2608243249","https://openalex.org/W2973696211","https://openalex.org/W3022189574","https://openalex.org/W3034355295","https://openalex.org/W3172478362","https://openalex.org/W4213115188","https://openalex.org/W4230084209","https://openalex.org/W4246764646","https://openalex.org/W4255694220"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018436875","https://openalex.org/W2167881770","https://openalex.org/W1567371323","https://openalex.org/W2154085467","https://openalex.org/W4407825495","https://openalex.org/W2052275145","https://openalex.org/W1967279947","https://openalex.org/W1971880864","https://openalex.org/W1972544028","https://openalex.org/W3007711523"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}