{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2032640318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2097944","title":"Characteristics of Collusive Firms","display_name":"Characteristics of Collusive Firms","publication_year":1975,"publication_date":"1975-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2032640318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2097944","mag":"2032640318"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/2097944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2097944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2097944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99067594","display_name":"Journal of Industrial Economics","issn_l":"0022-1821","issn":["0022-1821","1467-6451"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Industrial Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010242523","display_name":"Peter Asch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Asch","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057207470","display_name":"Joseph J. Seneca","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph J. Seneca","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2032,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88155934,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"223","last_page":"223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13402","display_name":"Business Strategy and Innovation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collusion","display_name":"collusion","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antitrust-enforcement","display_name":"antitrust enforcement","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sherman-act","display_name":"Sherman Act","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/per-se-illegality","display_name":"per se illegality","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-characteristics","display_name":"firm characteristics","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oligopoly","display_name":"oligopoly","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-conduct","display_name":"market conduct","score":0.5080000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5938395261764526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.4360157251358032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781198186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q701521","display_name":"Collusion","level":2,"score":0.41243308782577515}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/2097944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2097944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2097944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99067594","display_name":"Journal of Industrial Economics","issn_l":"0022-1821","issn":["0022-1821","1467-6451"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Industrial Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:bla:jindec:v:23:y:1975:i:3:p:223-37","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-1821%28197503%2923%3A3%3C223%3ACOCF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-2&origin=bc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8046000003814697,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1587939940","https://openalex.org/W1967263945","https://openalex.org/W1981366809","https://openalex.org/W1988919803","https://openalex.org/W2025726305","https://openalex.org/W2045969442","https://openalex.org/W2046178093","https://openalex.org/W2046412917","https://openalex.org/W2335010244","https://openalex.org/W3124201178"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3123127057","https://openalex.org/W2038806461","https://openalex.org/W2069655443","https://openalex.org/W2073598646","https://openalex.org/W4230888620","https://openalex.org/W117609725","https://openalex.org/W4249779862","https://openalex.org/W7096625282","https://openalex.org/W2086121573","https://openalex.org/W1866670824"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"DESPITE":[0],"the":[1,13,23,34,47,65,72,76,79,84,110,116],"fact":[2],"that":[3,36],"collusion":[4,70],"among":[5],"American":[6],"firms":[7,114],"has":[8,96],"been":[9,97],"actively":[10],"prosecuted":[11],"under":[12,71],"antitrust":[14],"laws":[15],"for":[16],"many":[17],"years,":[18],"little":[19],"is":[20,30,64,82],"known":[21],"about":[22],"effects":[24,48],"of":[25,49,52,62,69,78,93,112],"this":[26],"policy.":[27],"Such":[28],"ignorance":[29,63],"partly":[31],"attributable":[32],"to":[33,45,102],"problems":[35],"accompany":[37],"empirical":[38],"investigation.":[39],"It":[40],"is,":[41],"quite":[42],"simply,":[43],"difficult":[44],"isolate":[46],"any":[50],"mode":[51],"business":[53],"conduct":[54,81],"on":[55,109],"observable":[56],"market":[57],"phenomena.":[58],"A":[59],"second":[60],"source":[61],"per":[66],"se":[67],"illegality":[68],"Sherman":[73],"Act.":[74],"Since":[75],"existence":[77],"offensive":[80],"virtually":[83],"sole":[85],"issue":[86],"considered":[87],"by":[88,106],"United":[89],"States":[90],"courts,":[91],"exploration":[92],"surrounding":[94],"circumstances":[95],"minimal.":[98],"This":[99],"paper":[100],"attempts":[101],"shed":[103],"some":[104],"light":[105],"examining":[107],"evidence":[108],"characteristics":[111],"collusive":[113],"during":[115],"period":[117],"1958-67.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}