{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2032092255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2118/9449-pa","title":"Scaled Model Experiments of Fireflooding in Tar Sands","display_name":"Scaled Model Experiments of Fireflooding in Tar Sands","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2032092255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2118/9449-pa","mag":"2032092255"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2118/9449-pa","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2118/9449-pa","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2118/9449-pa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105811054","display_name":"Journal of Petroleum Technology","issn_l":"0149-2136","issn":["0149-2136","1944-978X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322614974","host_organization_name":"Society of Petroleum Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614974"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society of Petroleum Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Petroleum Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032917075","display_name":"A. M. Garon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allan M. Garon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gulf Research & Development Co"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gulf Research & Development Co","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076620474","display_name":"Rodney A. Geisbrecht","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodney A. Geisbrecht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gulf Research & Development Co"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gulf Research & Development Co","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"William E. Lowry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William E. Lowry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gulf Research & Development Co"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gulf Research & Development Co","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6201,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8414139,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"09","first_page":"2158","last_page":"2166"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10491","display_name":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10491","display_name":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11801","display_name":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10635","display_name":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-sands","display_name":"oil sands","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-situ-combustion","display_name":"in-situ combustion","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reservoir-heterogeneity","display_name":"reservoir heterogeneity","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravity-override","display_name":"gravity override","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-oil-recovery","display_name":"heavy oil recovery","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-physical-model","display_name":"three-dimensional physical model","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bitumen-viscosity-reduction","display_name":"bitumen viscosity reduction","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steam-injection","display_name":"steam injection","score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-saturation","display_name":"oil saturation","score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-model-testing","display_name":"scale model testing","score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steam-to-oil-ratio","display_name":"steam-oil ratio","score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recovery-factor","display_name":"recovery factor","score":0.39800000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131779963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q297322","display_name":"Oil sands","level":3,"score":0.9370346069335938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.6456631422042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175234220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10860587","display_name":"Steam injection","level":2,"score":0.608624279499054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192643346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q283579","display_name":"tar (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5947633981704712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5332149267196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.498913049697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64768522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7605326","display_name":"Steam-assisted gravity drainage","level":4,"score":0.49300238490104675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548895740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22656","display_name":"Petroleum","level":2,"score":0.4258880615234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.19808387756347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168056786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202251","display_name":"Asphalt","level":2,"score":0.16954666376113892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2118/9449-pa","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2118/9449-pa","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2118/9449-pa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105811054","display_name":"Journal of Petroleum Technology","issn_l":"0149-2136","issn":["0149-2136","1944-978X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322614974","host_organization_name":"Society of Petroleum Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614974"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society of Petroleum Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Petroleum Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.571399986743927,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031855231","https://openalex.org/W1967999440","https://openalex.org/W2088197936","https://openalex.org/W2049823314","https://openalex.org/W2027534665","https://openalex.org/W2059442526","https://openalex.org/W2390102966","https://openalex.org/W2094309775","https://openalex.org/W2063004681","https://openalex.org/W1979240427"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Summary":[0],"Fireflooding":[1],"of":[2,49,103,119,171,185,206,209,232,238,276,287,329,344,363,373,406,444,510],"tar":[3,165,191,194,219,262,387,429],"sand":[4,388,430],"reservoirs":[5,364,389],"following":[6],"a":[7,11,60,65,78,104,112,133,422,428,442,452,525],"preheating":[8,68,87,512],"phase":[9,69,88,513],"exploiting":[10],"reservoir":[12,50,296,379,408,455],"heterogeneity":[13],"was":[14,74],"investigated":[15],"in":[16,95,116,154,161,190,234,337,351,371,427,478],"three":[17],"dimensional":[18],"(3D)":[19],"physical":[20],"models.":[21],"The":[22,67,145,508],"research":[23],"strategy":[24],"for":[25,34,141,148,202,260,316,359,365,402,421],"applying":[26],"the":[27,30,41,71,96,120,123,152,172,186,207,210,217,265,271,288,295,299,311,318,352,361,378,407,416,445,511,519],"results":[28,42,138],"and":[29,55,59,122,151,164,214,349,439,481],"experimental":[31],"facility":[32],"developed":[33,358],"this":[35,239,393],"work":[36,252],"are":[37,267,397],"discussed":[38],"along":[39],"with":[40,70,139,325,468],"from":[43,177],"four":[44],"tests.":[45],"Three":[46],"different":[47],"types":[48],"heterogeneities":[51],"were":[52],"used:":[53],"communicating":[54,97],"noncommunicating":[56],"bottom-water":[57],"zones":[58],"thin,":[61,127],"heated":[62,129,134],"layer":[63,131],"simulating":[64,132],"fracture.":[66],"bottomwater":[72],"zone":[73,99],"found":[75],"to":[76,100,244,256,294,297,434,441,518,523],"have":[77,157,196,216,346,356,381],"pronounced":[79],"effect":[80],"on":[81],"fireflood":[82],"performance.":[83],"A":[84,108,126,447],"short":[85],"steam":[86,121,469,503],"did":[89],"not":[90,391,398,414],"provide":[91,415,435],"sufficient":[92,382],"oil":[93,150,163,188,221],"saturation":[94],"bot-tomwater":[98],"ensure":[101],"formation":[102],"closed":[105],"combustion":[106,333,426],"front.":[107],"longer":[109],"steamflood":[110],"at":[111,225,482],"lower":[113],"rate":[114],"resulted":[115],"gravity":[117],"override":[118],"subsequent":[124],"fireflood.":[125],"electrically":[128],"horizontal":[130],"fracture":[135,467],"yielded":[136],"encouraging":[137],"potential":[140],"further":[142],"improvements.":[143],"Introduction":[144],"great":[146],"demand":[147],"crude":[149,174],"decrease":[153],"conventional":[155],"reserves":[156],"generated":[158],"more":[159,226,326,338],"interest":[160],"heavy":[162,178],"sands.":[166,192],"Although":[167,264],"an":[168,198,410,459,465],"important":[169,369],"fraction":[170],"world":[173],"supply":[175],"comes":[176],"oil,":[179],"there":[180],"is":[181,241,253,273,376],"nocommercial":[182],"in-situ":[183,258],"production":[184],"immobile":[187,274],"con-tained":[189],"However,":[193,320],"sands":[195,266],"become":[197],"attractive":[199],"alternative":[200],"source":[201],"liquid":[203],"hydrocarbons":[204,233],"because":[205,275],"size":[208],"resource":[211,240],"base.":[212],"Canada":[213],"Venezuela":[215],"largest":[218],"sand/heavy":[220],"deposits,":[222],"each":[223,372],"estimated":[224],"than":[227,339],"1012":[228],"bbl":[229],"(150\u00d7109":[230],"m3)":[231],"place.1x002D;3":[235],"Currently,":[236],"most":[237,312,386],"too":[242],"deep":[243],"be":[245,323,489,499],"recovered":[246],"economically":[247],"by":[248,491,501],"surface":[249,330],"mining.":[250],"Extensive":[251],"being":[254],"performed":[255,324,500],"develop":[257],"methods":[259,291],"producing":[261],"sands.2x002D;4":[263],"usually":[268],"very":[269],"permeable,":[270],"bitumen":[272,300],"its":[277,305,516],"high":[278],"viscosity,":[279],"often":[280],"exceeding":[281],"106":[282],"cp":[283],"(1":[284],"kPa\u00b7s).":[285],"Most":[286],"proposed":[289],"recovery":[290],"apply":[292],"heat":[293],"increase":[298],"temperature,":[301],"which":[302,345],"drastically":[303],"reduces":[304],"viscosity.":[306],"Steam":[307],"injection":[308,411,470],"has":[309,334,474],"been":[310,335,347,357,475],"common":[313],"method":[314],"used":[315],"heating":[317,405],"reservoirs.":[319],"fireflooding":[321],"could":[322,498],"effective":[327],"use":[328],"energy.5":[331],"In-situ":[332,425],"tested":[336,477],"100":[340],"field":[341,476],"applications,":[342],"many":[343],"reviewed":[348],"compared":[350],"literature.6x002D;8":[353],"Screening":[354],"guides":[355,375],"evaluating":[360],"suitability":[362],"forward":[366],"combustion.7,9,10":[367],"An":[368],"criterion":[370],"these":[374],"that":[377],"must":[380],"fluid":[383],"transmissibility.":[384],"Since":[385],"do":[390],"meet":[392],"criterion,":[394],"they":[395],"traditionally":[396],"considered":[399],"good":[400],"candidates":[401],"fireflooding.":[403,472],"Local":[404],"near":[409],"well":[412],"will":[413],"communication":[417,438,487],"between":[418],"wellbores":[419],"necessary":[420,522],"displacement":[423,526],"process.":[424,527],"requires":[431],"some":[432],"scheme":[433],"initial":[436],"interweIl":[437],"mobility":[440],"portion":[443],"tar.":[446],"pretreatment":[448],"might":[449,488,514],"involveheating":[450],"through":[451],"naturally":[453],"occurring":[454],"heterogeneity,":[456],"such":[457],"as":[458],"adjacent":[460],"mobile":[461],"water":[462],"zone,":[463],"or":[464,471,494,505],"induced":[466,479],"Combustion":[473],"frac-tures11,12":[480],"oil/water":[483],"interfaces.13":[484],"Alternatively,":[485],"interwell":[486],"achieved":[490],"reverse":[492],"combustion14":[493],"electrolinking.":[495],"Preheating":[496],"also":[497],"extensive":[502],"stimulation":[504],"electrical":[506],"techniques.":[507],"cost":[509],"limit":[515],"duration":[517],"minimum":[520],"extent":[521],"begin":[524]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}