{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2032080002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.1994.401617","title":"Conoscope: an apparatus for determining crystal orientation of SAW wafers","display_name":"Conoscope: an apparatus for determining crystal orientation of SAW wafers","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2032080002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.1994.401617","mag":"2032080002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ultsym.1994.401617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.1994.401617","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.1994.401617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393917990","display_name":"IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","issn_l":"1948-5719","issn":["1948-5719"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium ULTSYM-94","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111703941","display_name":"Shen Jen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shen Jen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hartmann Research, Inc., Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hartmann Research, Inc., Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081106667","display_name":"Hartmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hartmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hartmann Research, Inc., Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hartmann Research, Inc., Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"397","last_page":"401 vol.1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13493","display_name":"Optical and Acousto-Optic Technologies","score":0.02539999969303608,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12050","display_name":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystal-orientation","display_name":"crystal orientation","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quartz-wafers","display_name":"quartz wafers","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birefringence","display_name":"birefringence","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarized-light-microscopy","display_name":"polarized light microscopy","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium-niobate","display_name":"lithium niobate","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium-tantalate","display_name":"lithium tantalate","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-waves","display_name":"Rayleigh waves","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaky-waves","display_name":"leaky waves","score":0.8960000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125743686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108779","display_name":"Birefringence","level":2,"score":0.80838942527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121524040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11942175","display_name":"Polarizer","level":3,"score":0.8051370978355408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160671074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267131","display_name":"Wafer","level":2,"score":0.8002336621284485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.7409023642539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6442141532897949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21921428","display_name":"Crystal (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.588564932346344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14860423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868354","display_name":"Polarizing filter","level":3,"score":0.5649059414863586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5153605341911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5068464875221252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85725439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466686","display_name":"Anisotropy","level":2,"score":0.4694708585739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182610534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633620","display_name":"Ray","level":2,"score":0.4586704969406128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111643667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12046176","display_name":"Polarized light microscopy","level":2,"score":0.4389820098876953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3756478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3410566","display_name":"Optical axis","level":3,"score":0.43823716044425964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.4155319333076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.379678875207901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45613198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134091","display_name":"Optical filter","level":2,"score":0.18983110785484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.151883065700531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1201070249080658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08171200752258301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.07893523573875427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ultsym.1994.401617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.1994.401617","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.1994.401617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393917990","display_name":"IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","issn_l":"1948-5719","issn":["1948-5719"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium ULTSYM-94","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112553500","https://openalex.org/W2171796873"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002808217","https://openalex.org/W2473456560","https://openalex.org/W4251605670","https://openalex.org/W2021681748","https://openalex.org/W2159225952","https://openalex.org/W4249857061","https://openalex.org/W2034998695","https://openalex.org/W2006895775","https://openalex.org/W3000426025","https://openalex.org/W4392568365"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conoscopic":[0],"interference":[1,113],"is":[2,25,40,84,133],"a":[3,44,101,104,134,155,197,209,275,284],"commonly":[4,289],"used":[5,173,290],"optical":[6,29,137],"technique":[7],"in":[8,13,283],"polarizing":[9],"microscopy":[10],"with":[11,216],"applications":[12],"areas":[14],"such":[15,43],"as":[16,157,159],"material":[17],"science,":[18],"mineralogy":[19],"and":[20,74,125,150,182,189,272,296,304],"biological":[21],"studies.":[22],"The":[23,94,131],"principle":[24],"based":[26],"on":[27,42],"the":[28,63,72,75,78,81,89,109,119,160,163,205,235,240,244,248,267],"birefringence":[30],"exhibited":[31],"by":[32,100],"various":[33,293],"anisotropic":[34],"crystals.":[35],"When":[36],"linearly":[37],"polarized":[38,86],"light":[39,83],"incident":[41,107],"crystal":[45,64,73,120,123,180,187],"at":[46,65],"an":[47,193,259],"arbitrary":[48],"angle,":[49],"it":[50,170,230],"effectively":[51],"decomposes":[52],"into":[53],"two":[54,79],"mutually":[55],"orthogonal":[56],"components.":[57],"These":[58],"components":[59],"then":[60],"travel":[61],"through":[62],"different":[66],"phase":[67,91],"velocities.":[68],"Upon":[69],"exit":[70],"from":[71,179,288],"recombination":[76],"of":[77,106,112,118,162,176,186,192,208,243,247,251,261,274,300],"components,":[80],"transmitted":[82],"elliptically":[85],"due":[87],"to":[88,147,239,258],"cumulated":[90],"retardation":[92],"difference:":[93],"elliptical":[95],"polarization":[96],"can":[97,128,144,171,212,254],"be":[98,129,145,172,213,232,256,308],"analyzed":[99],"polarizer.":[102],"Using":[103],"cone":[105],"light,":[108],"resulted":[110],"families":[111],"fringes,":[114],"which":[115,219],"are":[116],"characteristic":[117],"type,":[121],"its":[122,167],"orientation,":[124],"sample":[126],"thickness,":[127],"examined.":[130],"conoscope":[132,276],"low-cost,":[135],"convenient":[136],"apparatus":[138],"that":[139,234,277],"exploits":[140],"this":[141],"phenomenon.":[142],"It":[143],"applied":[146],"both":[148],"uncut":[149],"diced":[151,198],"SAW":[152,177,210],"wafers":[153,253],"over":[154],"region":[156],"small":[158],"dimension":[161],"wafer":[164,195,211],"thickness.":[165],"In":[166],"simplest":[168],"form,":[169],"for":[174,183,281],"verification":[175],"substrates":[178],"vendors,":[181],"gross":[184],"identification":[185],"types":[188],"cut":[190,206,236],"angles":[191],"unknown":[194],"or":[196],"chip.":[199],"With":[200],"somewhat":[201],"more":[202,223],"elaborate":[203],"setup,":[204],"angle":[207,237],"quantitatively":[214],"determined":[215,257],"good":[217],"accuracy":[218,260],"approaches":[220],"what":[221],"substantially":[222],"expensive":[224],"X-ray":[225],"machines":[226],"offer.":[227],"For":[228],"example,":[229],"will":[231,307],"shown":[233],"relative":[238],"surface":[241],"normal":[242],"polished":[245],"side":[246],"ST":[249],"family":[250],"quartz":[252],"easily":[255],"5":[262],"minutes.":[263],"This":[264],"paper":[265],"discusses":[266],"principle,":[268],"operation,":[269],"measurement":[270],"accuracy,":[271],"limitations":[273],"has":[278],"been":[279],"constructed":[280],"use":[282],"production":[285],"environment.":[286],"Results":[287],"substrates,":[291],"including":[292],"Rayleigh":[294],"wave":[295,298],"leaky":[297],"cuts":[299],"quartz,":[301],"lithium":[302,305],"niobate":[303],"tantalate":[306],"presented.>":[309]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
