{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2032010334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199103)47:2<310::aid-jclp2270470219>3.0.co;2-u","title":"The difficult temperament in adolescence: Associations with substance use, family support, and problem behaviors","display_name":"The difficult temperament in adolescence: Associations with substance use, family support, and problem behaviors","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2032010334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199103)47:2<310::aid-jclp2270470219>3.0.co;2-u","mag":"2032010334","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2030139"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199103)47:2<310::aid-jclp2270470219>3.0.co;2-u","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199103)47:2<310::aid-jclp2270470219>3.0.co;2-u","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199103)47:2<310::aid-jclp2270470219>3.0.co;2-u","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S640450","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Psychology","issn_l":"0021-9762","issn":["0021-9762","1097-4679"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032819144","display_name":"Michael T. Windle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-8583","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-8583"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Windle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute on Alcoholism, Buffalo, NY 14203"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute on Alcoholism, Buffalo, NY 14203","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032819144"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3710},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3806,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":125,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95264317,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"2","first_page":"310","last_page":"315"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10182","display_name":"Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10182","display_name":"Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10537","display_name":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/difficult-temperament","display_name":"difficult temperament","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescent-substance-use","display_name":"adolescent substance use","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-support","display_name":"family support","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-problems","display_name":"behavioral problems","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depressive-symptoms","display_name":"depressive symptoms","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delinquency","display_name":"delinquency","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-behavior-problems","display_name":"child behavior problems","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arrhythmicity","display_name":"arrhythmicity","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distractibility","display_name":"distractibility","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflexibility","display_name":"inflexibility","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperactivity","display_name":"hyperactivity","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conduct-disorder","display_name":"conduct disorder","score":0.925000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61644593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80157","display_name":"Temperament","level":3,"score":0.9468421936035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8180297613143921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.5779111385345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.49493569135665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991912374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q400711","display_name":"Substance use","level":2,"score":0.49487394094467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019858935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4340209","display_name":"Depressive symptoms","level":3,"score":0.48276105523109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.3402147889137268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.21652007102966309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.16126486659049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.12714120745658875}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002653","descriptor_name":"Child Behavior Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002653","descriptor_name":"Child Behavior Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002653","descriptor_name":"Child Behavior Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003863","descriptor_name":"Depression","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003863","descriptor_name":"Depression","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003863","descriptor_name":"Depression","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005163","descriptor_name":"Factor Analysis, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005190","descriptor_name":"Family","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007604","descriptor_name":"Juvenile Delinquency","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010554","descriptor_name":"Personality Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010554","descriptor_name":"Personality Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010554","descriptor_name":"Personality Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010555","descriptor_name":"Personality Inventory","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012938","descriptor_name":"Social Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012944","descriptor_name":"Social Support","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199103)47:2<310::aid-jclp2270470219>3.0.co;2-u","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199103)47:2<310::aid-jclp2270470219>3.0.co;2-u","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199103)47:2<310::aid-jclp2270470219>3.0.co;2-u","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S640450","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Psychology","issn_l":"0021-9762","issn":["0021-9762","1097-4679"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2030139","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2030139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of clinical psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8299999833106995}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3960733738","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AA07861","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337330","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337330","display_name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzrsm59"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W633955439","https://openalex.org/W1976143497","https://openalex.org/W1979574307","https://openalex.org/W1980624340","https://openalex.org/W1984197906","https://openalex.org/W1987515793","https://openalex.org/W1988702107","https://openalex.org/W1999017454","https://openalex.org/W2000653593","https://openalex.org/W2003962532","https://openalex.org/W2007116857","https://openalex.org/W2009656622","https://openalex.org/W2011923794","https://openalex.org/W2021336667","https://openalex.org/W2057961030","https://openalex.org/W2059611659","https://openalex.org/W2080145849","https://openalex.org/W2088077489","https://openalex.org/W2110669255","https://openalex.org/W2112778345","https://openalex.org/W2114656372","https://openalex.org/W2128601731","https://openalex.org/W2164598338","https://openalex.org/W2258036301","https://openalex.org/W2795636872","https://openalex.org/W2896890894","https://openalex.org/W3147225368","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6650305908","https://openalex.org/W6991080278"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066387416","https://openalex.org/W2030002430","https://openalex.org/W2076723640","https://openalex.org/W2048231913","https://openalex.org/W1987515793","https://openalex.org/W2020278358","https://openalex.org/W1981493493","https://openalex.org/W2520212087","https://openalex.org/W2092621049","https://openalex.org/W2012708220"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"investigated":[2],"interrelations":[3],"between":[4],"the":[5],"number":[6,37],"of":[7,28,38,60,68,80,95,103,115],"difficult":[8,40,70,104],"temperament":[9,41,71,105],"factors":[10,42,72,106],"(e.g.,":[11,51],"arrhythmicity,":[12],"inflexibility,":[13],"high":[14],"distractibility)":[15],"and":[16,22,98],"substance":[17,81],"use,":[18],"perceived":[19,90],"family":[20,91],"support,":[21,92],"problem":[23],"behaviors":[24],"for":[25],"a":[26,77],"sample":[27],"297":[29],"adolescents":[30],"(M":[31],"age":[32,114],"=":[33],"15.7":[34],"years).":[35],"The":[36],"adolescent":[39,69],"was":[43,74,107],"associated":[44,75,109],"significantly":[45,110],"with":[46,76,111],"more":[47,99],"childhood":[48,64],"behavior":[49,62],"problems":[50],"hyperactivity,":[52],"conduct":[53],"disordered":[54,61],"symptoms),":[55],"which":[56],"suggests":[57],"some":[58],"continuity":[59],"from":[63],"to":[65],"adolescence.":[66],"Number":[67,102],"also":[73],"higher":[78,93],"percentage":[79],"users":[82],"(for":[83],"cigarettes,":[84],"alcohol,":[85],"marijuana,":[86],"hard":[87],"drugs),":[88],"lower":[89],"levels":[94],"depressive":[96],"symptoms,":[97],"delinquent":[100],"activity.":[101],"not":[108],"gender":[112],"or":[113],"respondents.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}