{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2031722147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1985.tb00147.x","title":"Experimental Design of Bioassays for Screening and Low Dose Extrapolation","display_name":"Experimental Design of Bioassays for Screening and Low Dose Extrapolation","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2031722147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1985.tb00147.x","mag":"2031722147","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3843676"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1985.tb00147.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1985.tb00147.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1985.tb00147.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161248890","display_name":"Risk Analysis","issn_l":"0272-4332","issn":["0272-4332","1539-6924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Risk Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113686606","display_name":"David W. Gaylor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304557061","display_name":"National Center for Toxicological Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05jmhh281","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1304557061","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1320320070","display_name":"United States Food and Drug Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/034xvzb47","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David W. Gaylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304557061","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051461953","display_name":"James J. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6967-6349","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6967-6349"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304557061","display_name":"National Center for Toxicological Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05jmhh281","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1304557061","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1320320070","display_name":"United States Food and Drug Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/034xvzb47","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James J. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304557061","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021079697","display_name":"Ralph L. Kodell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304557061","display_name":"National Center for Toxicological Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05jmhh281","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1304557061","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1320320070","display_name":"United States Food and Drug Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/034xvzb47","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralph L. Kodell","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304557061","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4880,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4880},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2803,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78577568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"9","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11798","display_name":"Optimal Experimental Design Methods","score":0.6601999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11798","display_name":"Optimal Experimental Design Methods","score":0.6601999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10433","display_name":"Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment","score":0.2890999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.013299999758601189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carcinogen-screening","display_name":"carcinogen screening","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-dose-extrapolation","display_name":"low-dose extrapolation","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-response-curves","display_name":"dose-response curves","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-incidence","display_name":"tumor incidence","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-tolerated-dose","display_name":"maximum tolerated dose","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-design","display_name":"experimental design","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-power","display_name":"statistical power","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-bioassays","display_name":"animal bioassays","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-allocation","display_name":"dose allocation","score":0.6779999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132459708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744069","display_name":"Extrapolation","level":2,"score":0.8603715896606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777334693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659446","display_name":"Maximum tolerated dose","level":3,"score":0.5424343943595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104488531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864212","display_name":"Bioassay","level":2,"score":0.5025475025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114246631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187661","display_name":"Carcinogen","level":2,"score":0.4599210023880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4513033628463745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149857219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5239054","display_name":"Effective dose (radiation)","level":2,"score":0.4457297921180725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.4141188859939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3788676857948303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3470649719238281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.29792019724845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.22446691989898682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2156687080860138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1944097876548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1662626564502716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112705442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323936","display_name":"Pharmacokinetics","level":2,"score":0.1071845293045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.08126482367515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001681","descriptor_name":"Biological Assay","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002273","descriptor_name":"Carcinogens","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004353","descriptor_name":"Drug Evaluation, Preclinical","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012306","descriptor_name":"Risk","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1985.tb00147.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1985.tb00147.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1985.tb00147.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161248890","display_name":"Risk Analysis","issn_l":"0272-4332","issn":["0272-4332","1539-6924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Risk Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:3843676","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3843676","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7246000170707703,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972402737","https://openalex.org/W1979300931","https://openalex.org/W2089324517","https://openalex.org/W2169632325","https://openalex.org/W2318181256","https://openalex.org/W2330813625","https://openalex.org/W2340163420","https://openalex.org/W2467931198","https://openalex.org/W2501111320","https://openalex.org/W3041047318","https://openalex.org/W3143448731","https://openalex.org/W4236902994","https://openalex.org/W4246848133","https://openalex.org/W4292525033"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495761801","https://openalex.org/W2141997992","https://openalex.org/W228478028","https://openalex.org/W6982263535","https://openalex.org/W106104519","https://openalex.org/W2318747720","https://openalex.org/W1972402737","https://openalex.org/W1983724980","https://openalex.org/W2093125158","https://openalex.org/W2037421543"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Relatively":[0],"high":[1,35],"doses":[2,128],"of":[3,19,28,59,110,159],"chemicals":[4],"generally":[5,138],"are":[6,32,53],"employed":[7,118],"in":[8],"animal":[9],"bioassays":[10],"to":[11,36,73,87],"detect":[12],"potential":[13],"carcinogens":[14],"with":[15,127,147],"relatively":[16,140,148],"small":[17],"numbers":[18,158],"animals.":[20],"The":[21,84,112],"problem":[22],"investigated":[23],"here":[24],"is":[25,66,86,117],"the":[26,69,93,103,123,130],"development":[27],"experimental":[29,51,70,89],"designs":[30,52,90,124],"which":[31,91],"effective":[33],"for":[34,40,46,106,119,143,151],"low":[37,82,97,144],"dose":[38,61,98,105,115,145,162],"extrapolation":[39,65,146],"tumor":[41],"incidence":[42],"as":[43,45,165,167],"well":[44,166],"screening":[47,120],"(detecting)":[48],"carcinogens.":[49,153],"Several":[50],"compared":[54],"over":[55],"a":[56,107],"wide":[57],"range":[58,72],"different":[60],"response":[62],"curves.":[63],"Linear":[64],"used":[67],"below":[68],"data":[71,142],"establish":[74],"an":[75],"upper":[76,94],"bound":[77,95],"on":[78,96],"carcinogenic":[79],"risk":[80,99],"at":[81,129],"doses.":[83],"goal":[85],"find":[88],"minimize":[92],"estimates":[100],"(i.e.,":[101],"maximize":[102],"allowable":[104],"given":[108],"level":[109,163],"risk).":[111],"maximum":[113],"tolerated":[114],"(MTD)":[116],"purposes.":[121],"Among":[122],"investigated,":[125],"experiments":[126],"MTD,":[131,133,135],"1/2":[132],"1/4":[134],"and":[136],"controls":[137],"provide":[139],"good":[141,149],"power":[150],"detecting":[152],"For":[154],"this":[155],"design,":[156],"equal":[157],"animals":[160],"per":[161],"perform":[164],"unequal":[168],"allocations.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
