{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2031659040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-0167.49.4.476","title":"Testing Cross's revised racial identity model: An examination of the relationship between racial identity and internalized racialism.","display_name":"Testing Cross's revised racial identity model: An examination of the relationship between racial identity and internalized racialism.","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2031659040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-0167.49.4.476","mag":"2031659040"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037//0022-0167.49.4.476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-0167.49.4.476","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-0167.49.4.476","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135831435","display_name":"Journal of Counseling Psychology","issn_l":"0022-0167","issn":["0022-0167","1939-2168"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Counseling Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071802489","display_name":"Kevin Cokley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7873-3261","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7873-3261"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kevin O. Cokley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Illinois U at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Illinois U at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071802489"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5002,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":133,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96038205,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"4","first_page":"476","last_page":"483"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11295","display_name":"Counseling Practices and Supervision","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-identity","display_name":"racial identity","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nigrescence","display_name":"nigrescence","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-college-students","display_name":"African American college students","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historically-black-colleges-and-universities","display_name":"historically Black colleges and universities","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/afrocentrism","display_name":"Afrocentrism","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-identity-attitudes","display_name":"racial identity attitudes","score":0.625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7837561368942261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.7374433279037476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.560492753982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139838865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461","display_name":"Racism","level":2,"score":0.44883838295936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.22856587171554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.15535882115364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037//0022-0167.49.4.476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-0167.49.4.476","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-0167.49.4.476","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135831435","display_name":"Journal of Counseling Psychology","issn_l":"0022-0167","issn":["0022-0167","1939-2168"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Counseling Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1037/0022-0167.49.4.476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.49.4.476","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.49.4.476","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135831435","display_name":"Journal of Counseling Psychology","issn_l":"0022-0167","issn":["0022-0167","1939-2168"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Counseling Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7390999794006348}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5099999904632568}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W188171451","https://openalex.org/W566940855","https://openalex.org/W595698737","https://openalex.org/W653207286","https://openalex.org/W1484864026","https://openalex.org/W1505638887","https://openalex.org/W1736113755","https://openalex.org/W1819546850","https://openalex.org/W1866465449","https://openalex.org/W1970105385","https://openalex.org/W1972806788","https://openalex.org/W2019064279","https://openalex.org/W2041033049","https://openalex.org/W2044875452","https://openalex.org/W2054509630","https://openalex.org/W2057987167","https://openalex.org/W2083205972","https://openalex.org/W2088408730","https://openalex.org/W2090887733","https://openalex.org/W2117864108","https://openalex.org/W2127629438","https://openalex.org/W2138384349","https://openalex.org/W2149162690","https://openalex.org/W2155648052","https://openalex.org/W2159491906","https://openalex.org/W2290652561","https://openalex.org/W2334453023","https://openalex.org/W2479612366","https://openalex.org/W2901430991","https://openalex.org/W2903645657","https://openalex.org/W2905853051","https://openalex.org/W4391085376"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382562515","https://openalex.org/W2089251260","https://openalex.org/W2165278197","https://openalex.org/W7100144038","https://openalex.org/W2083205972","https://openalex.org/W2038098480","https://openalex.org/W7100263339","https://openalex.org/W1975897496","https://openalex.org/W170796607","https://openalex.org/W2083240100"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"tested":[2],"William":[3],"Cross\u2019s":[4,120,161],"(1991,":[5],"1995)":[6],"revised":[7],"racial":[8,14,61,124,149,167,182],"identity":[9,15,62,125,168,183],"model.":[10,126],"The":[11,207,243,259],"relationship":[12],"between":[13],"attitudes":[16,63,96,111],"and":[17,46,66,68,81,135,240,268,270],"internalized":[18],"racialism":[19],"was":[20,245],"examined":[21],"in":[22,78,102,131,216],"153":[23],"African":[24,144,178],"American":[25],"college":[26],"students":[27],"attending":[28],"a":[29,152,222,276],"historically":[30],"Black":[31,225],"university.":[32],"Participants":[33],"completed":[34],"the":[35,47,59,79,89,103,132,201,228,249,273,286,289],"Cross":[36],"Racial":[37,250],"Identity":[38,251],"Scale":[39,49,253],"(B.":[40],"J.":[41],"Vandiver":[42],"et":[43],"al.,":[44],"2000)":[45],"Nadanolitization":[48],"(J.":[50],"Taylor":[51],"&":[52,256,293,297],"C.":[53],"Grundy,":[54],"1996).":[55],"Findings":[56],"indicated":[57],"that":[58,147,181,214,281],"pre-encounter":[60],"of":[64,84,92,106,122,148,154,174,190,275,278,288],"miseducation":[65],"self-hatred,":[67],"immersion\u2013":[69,237],"emersion":[70],"anti-White":[71],"attitudes,":[72],"were":[73,97,112,232],"positively":[74,113],"related":[75,99],"to":[76,100,160,177,220],"beliefs":[77,101],"mental":[80],"genetic":[82],"deficiencies":[83],"Blacks":[85,215],"as":[86,88,140,146],"well":[87],"sexual":[90],"prowess":[91],"Blacks.":[93],"Pre-encounter":[94],"assimilation":[95],"negatively":[98],"natural":[104],"abilities":[105],"Blacks,":[107],"whereas":[108],"internalization":[109,241],"Afrocentricity":[110],"related.":[114],"These":[115,195],"results":[116],"provide":[117],"support":[118],"for":[119,192],"revisions":[121],"his":[123],"Perhaps":[127],"no":[128],"other":[129],"topic":[130],"multicultural":[133],"counseling":[134],"psychology":[136],"literature":[137],"has":[138,169,184,262,271],"been":[139,185,272],"heavily":[141],"researched":[142],"with":[143],"Americans":[145,179],"identity.":[150,226],"During":[151],"span":[153],"over":[155],"30":[156],"years":[157],"dating":[158],"back":[159],"(1971)":[162],"seminal":[163],"contribution,":[164],"research":[165],"on":[166,200],"increased":[170],"considerably.":[171],"A":[172],"review":[173],"dissertations":[175],"pertaining":[176],"reveals":[180],"an":[186],"increasingly":[187],"popular":[188],"area":[189],"inquiry":[191],"graduate":[193],"students.":[194],"studies":[196],"have":[197,282],"overwhelmingly":[198],"relied":[199],"original":[202,208,229],"nigrescence":[203,209],"model":[204,210,244],"(Cross,":[205],"1971).":[206],"described":[211],"developmental":[212],"stages":[213,234],"America":[217],"go":[218],"through":[219],"obtain":[221],"psychologically":[223],"healthy":[224],"In":[227],"model,":[230],"there":[231],"five":[233],"(pre-encounter,":[235],"encounter,":[236],"emersion,":[238],"internalization,":[239],"commitment).":[242],"then":[246],"operationalized":[247],"using":[248],"Attitudes":[252],"(RIAS;":[254],"Parham":[255],"Helms,":[257],"1981).":[258],"RIAS":[260],"currently":[261],"three":[263],"different":[264],"versions":[265],"(RIAS,":[266],"RIAS-B,":[267],"RIAS-L)":[269],"subject":[274],"number":[277],"psychometric":[279],"investigations":[280],"raised":[283],"concerns":[284],"about":[285],"validity":[287],"instruments":[290],"(Fisher,":[291],"Tokar,":[292],"Serna,":[294],"1998;":[295],"Ponterotto":[296],"Wise,":[298],"1987;":[299]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
