{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2030636263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000330474","title":"Interventions Implemented to Reduce the Risk of Transmission of Bacteria by Transfusion in the English National Blood Service","display_name":"Interventions Implemented to Reduce the Risk of Transmission of Bacteria by Transfusion in the English National Blood Service","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2030636263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000330474","mag":"2030636263","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22016696","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3190222"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1159/000330474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000330474","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000330474","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44589223","display_name":"Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy","issn_l":"1660-3796","issn":["1660-3796","1660-3818"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3190222","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014570599","display_name":"Carl Peter McDonald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3230-3287","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3230-3287"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1307946715","display_name":"NHS Blood and Transplant","ror":"https://ror.org/0227qpa16","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307946715"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carl P. McDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307946715"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014570599"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307946715"],"apc_list":{"value":1425,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1670},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0924,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95324577,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"4","first_page":"255","last_page":"258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12735","display_name":"Blood donation and transfusion practices","score":0.6929000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12735","display_name":"Blood donation and transfusion practices","score":0.6929000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.15209999680519104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10693","display_name":"Blood transfusion and management","score":0.13289999961853027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfusion-safety","display_name":"transfusion safety","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-commensals","display_name":"skin commensals","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorhexidine-gluconate","display_name":"chlorhexidine gluconate","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isopropanol","display_name":"isopropanol","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iodine-tincture","display_name":"iodine tincture","score":0.9639999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7992348670959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74414138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886549","display_name":"Venipuncture","level":2,"score":0.5442890524864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.5370880961418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775850501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16392","display_name":"Isopropyl alcohol","level":2,"score":0.5296910405158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547646559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162297","display_name":"Hygiene","level":2,"score":0.4610558748245239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34008175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q975018","display_name":"Bioburden","level":2,"score":0.45090264081954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780101441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949930","display_name":"Pouch","level":2,"score":0.45061033964157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.37576398253440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1159/000330474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000330474","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000330474","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44589223","display_name":"Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy","issn_l":"1660-3796","issn":["1660-3796","1660-3818"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2199541","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3190222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3190222","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3190222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transfus Med Hemother","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:22016696","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22016696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2199541","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3190222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310960","display_name":"NHS Blood and Transplant","ror":"https://ror.org/0227qpa16"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19860778","https://openalex.org/W1970861295","https://openalex.org/W1983978843","https://openalex.org/W1984765096","https://openalex.org/W1987044174","https://openalex.org/W1990780113","https://openalex.org/W1993546125","https://openalex.org/W2028710390","https://openalex.org/W2044460311","https://openalex.org/W2066480741","https://openalex.org/W2069419085","https://openalex.org/W2081832737","https://openalex.org/W2083051095","https://openalex.org/W2087595907","https://openalex.org/W2097030077","https://openalex.org/W2109834887","https://openalex.org/W2129680648","https://openalex.org/W2131428092","https://openalex.org/W2163884002","https://openalex.org/W4205175489","https://openalex.org/W4230192122"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970861295","https://openalex.org/W2008511296","https://openalex.org/W611895429","https://openalex.org/W1990780113","https://openalex.org/W2119232983","https://openalex.org/W3011357089","https://openalex.org/W2028710390","https://openalex.org/W1976927239","https://openalex.org/W4229050560","https://openalex.org/W1987044174"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SUMMARY:":[0],"BACKGROUND:":[1],"Bacterial":[2],"contamination":[3,129,254],"remains":[4],"a":[5,97,156,186,201,250],"significant":[6],"problem":[7],"in":[8,78,127,185,253,259],"transfusion":[9],"medicine.":[10],"A":[11,134,162,194],"National":[12],"Health":[13],"Service":[14],"Blood":[15],"and":[16,20,49,57,72,75,103,167,211,255,266],"Transplant":[17],"(NHSBT)":[18],"study":[19,196],"surveillance":[21],"data":[22],"indicated":[23],"skin":[24,29],"commensals":[25],"derived":[26],"from":[27],"the":[28,31,34,66,76,89,100,105,114,121,223,238,293,296],"of":[30,37,60,92,108,123,143,150,207,241,283,295],"donor":[32,46,191,242,263],"are":[33,268],"major":[35],"contaminants":[36],"blood":[38,93,109,297],"components.":[39],"NHSBT":[40,289],"therefore":[41],"explored":[42],"two":[43],"interventions:":[44],"improved":[45],"arm":[47,243,264],"disinfection":[48,61,74,220,265],"diversion.":[50],"METHODS:":[51],"IMPROVED":[52],"DONOR":[53],"ARM":[54],"DISINFECTION:":[55],"Commercial":[56],"in-house":[58],"methods":[59],"were":[62,69,85,118],"evaluated.":[63],"Swabs":[64],"at":[65,178],"venepuncture":[67],"site":[68],"taken":[70],"before":[71],"after":[73],"reduction":[77,126,164,252],"bioburden":[79],"determined.":[80,132],"Diversion:":[81],"Special":[82],"collection":[83,115],"bags":[84],"manufactured":[86],"to":[87,94,154,189,199,217,230,248,290],"allow":[88],"initial":[90],"volume":[91],"flow":[95,107],"into":[96,110],"pouch,":[98],"representing":[99,113],"diversion":[101,267],"pouch":[102,112],"then":[104,131],"next":[106],"another":[111],"bag.":[116],"Pouches":[117],"screened":[119],"for":[120],"presence":[122],"bacteria.":[124],"The":[125,181],"bacterial":[128,277,281],"was":[130,152,165,170,183,197,215,235,246,256,286],"RESULTS:":[133],"two-step":[135],"commercial":[136],"procedure":[137,159],"(Donor":[138],"Prep":[139],"Kit;":[140],"DPK)":[141],"consisting":[142,206],"70%":[144,212],"isopropyl":[145,213],"alcohol":[146],"followed":[147],"by":[148,288],"tincture":[149],"iodine":[151],"shown":[153,184,216,247],"be":[155],"best":[157],"practice":[158,177],"(2-min":[160],"procedure).":[161],"99.79%":[163],"obtained,":[166],"this":[168],"method":[169,240],"10":[171],"times":[172],"more":[173,202],"effective":[174],"than":[175],"current":[176],"that":[179],"time.":[180,193],"DPK":[182],"field":[187],"trial":[188],"increase":[190,292],"waiting":[192],"second":[195],"initiated":[198],"find":[200],"rapid":[203],"procedure.":[204],"ChloraPrep\u00ae,":[205],"2%":[208],"chlorhexidine":[209],"gluconate":[210],"alcohol,":[214],"have":[218],"equivalent":[219],"efficiency":[221],"as":[222,237],"DPK,":[224],"but":[225,272],"only":[226],"took":[227],"1":[228],"min":[229],"perform.":[231],"In":[232,279],"2006,":[233],"ChloraPrep":[234],"introduced":[236,257,287],"national":[239],"disinfection.":[244],"Diversion":[245],"give":[249],"47%":[251],"nationally":[258],"2002.":[260],"CONCLUSION:":[261],"Improved":[262],"effective,":[269],"low-cost":[270],"interventions,":[271],"do":[273],"not":[274],"eliminate":[275],"all":[276],"transmissions.":[278],"2011,":[280],"screening":[282],"platelet":[284],"components":[285],"further":[291],"safety":[294],"supply.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}