{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2030606282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cdr.2004.0033","title":"Serious Money Becomes \"Business by Other Means\": Caryl Churchill's Metatheatrical Subject","display_name":"Serious Money Becomes \"Business by Other Means\": Caryl Churchill's Metatheatrical Subject","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2030606282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cdr.2004.0033","mag":"2030606282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/cdr.2004.0033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cdr.2004.0033","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cdr.2004.0033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S163961150","display_name":"Comparative drama","issn_l":"0010-4078","issn":["0010-4078","1936-1637"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315973","host_organization_name":"Western Michigan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315973"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Western Michigan University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Comparative Drama","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067501413","display_name":"Daniel Keith Jernigan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-6742","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-6742"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Jernigan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067501413"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37885086,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"2-3","first_page":"291","last_page":"313"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11391","display_name":"Theatre and Performance Studies","score":0.9110999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11391","display_name":"Theatre and Performance Studies","score":0.9110999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13245","display_name":"Samuel Beckett and Modernism","score":0.01889999955892563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12130","display_name":"Contemporary Literature and Criticism","score":0.012600000016391277,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caryl-churchill","display_name":"Caryl Churchill","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metatheatre","display_name":"metatheatre","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadrama","display_name":"metadrama","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bertolt-brecht","display_name":"Bertolt Brecht","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luigi-pirandello","display_name":"Luigi Pirandello","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-of-reality","display_name":"ontology of reality","score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illusion-and-reality","display_name":"reality and illusion","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-construction-of-society","display_name":"social construction of society","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contemporary-british-drama","display_name":"contemporary British drama","score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race","display_name":"race","score":0.36500000953674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.8161370754241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4003136157989502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3733353018760681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.37052497267723083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.33460113406181335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2599700391292572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2171880304813385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2095431387424469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.07757264375686646}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/cdr.2004.0033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cdr.2004.0033","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cdr.2004.0033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S163961150","display_name":"Comparative drama","issn_l":"0010-4078","issn":["0010-4078","1936-1637"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315973","host_organization_name":"Western Michigan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315973"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Western Michigan University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Comparative Drama","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501142691","https://openalex.org/W1529119592","https://openalex.org/W1566134594","https://openalex.org/W1608266690","https://openalex.org/W1971470982","https://openalex.org/W1978873183","https://openalex.org/W2006943959","https://openalex.org/W2052656777","https://openalex.org/W2322495634","https://openalex.org/W2808143604","https://openalex.org/W3143284476"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W408108861","https://openalex.org/W197715665","https://openalex.org/W2046272832","https://openalex.org/W2000676803","https://openalex.org/W4395089455","https://openalex.org/W2245472033","https://openalex.org/W2782904299","https://openalex.org/W2934405235","https://openalex.org/W2162429883","https://openalex.org/W2901855422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"I.":[0],"Metatheatrical":[1],"Trends":[2],"In":[3,199],"his":[4,112],"foundational":[5],"work":[6,297,305,374,514,673],"devoted":[7],"to":[8,74,111,121,134,185,216,244,295,302,324,381,402,409,421,493,496,543,574,654,678],"defining":[9],"the":[10,28,47,54,79,93,135,144,174,202,210,219,255,260,270,321,327,341,351,404,414,437,459,463,466,484,519,522,536,545,552,556,570,603,607,624,641,662,665,680],"difference":[11],"between":[12,123,146,613],"tragedy":[13],"and":[14,99,125,148,192,377,408,501,555,615,646],"metatheater,":[15,269],"Lionel":[16],"Abel":[17,105],"identifies":[18],"numerous":[19],"distinguishing":[20],"characteristics":[21],"of":[22,49,168,212,254,315,345,354,387,426,458,512,606,626,643,649,664,682,697],"metatheater.":[23],"Numbered":[24],"among":[25],"them":[26,187],"is":[27,34,67,163,215,231,237,273,306,441,505,515,525],"claim":[29],"that":[30,71,78,176,209,222,235,265,311,326,349,439,480,508,521,610,660,699],"for":[46,279],"metatheatre,":[32],"order":[33,157,272,401,524,542,549],"something":[35,238,274,526,580],"continually":[36],"improvised":[159,227],"by":[38,104,153,160,228,277,529,583,689],"men.":[39,229,530],"(1)":[40],"Even":[41],"this":[42,206,245,651],"singular":[43],"tenet,":[44],"which":[45,347,462,548,598],"sake":[48],"brevity":[50],"I":[51],"will":[52],"call":[53],"Ontological":[136,203,246,261,537],"Order":[56,137,204,247,262,288,468,538,572],"Tenet":[205,248,263,469,539,573],"can":[58,128,668],"be":[59,84,129,301,331,359,486,669],"regarded":[60],"as":[61,69,96,106,131,141,189,285,370,454,476,492,579,674],"fairly":[62],"comprehensive,":[63],"especially":[64],"if":[65],"it":[66,87,127,150,266,284,299,312,334,356,364],"read":[68],"suggesting":[70],"metatheater":[72],"endeavors":[73],"point":[75,211],"out":[76],"ontologically":[77],"physical":[80],"world":[81,328,554,558],"might":[82,329],"not":[83,183,318,330,367],"quite":[85,332],"what":[86,333],"seems.":[88],"Moreover,":[89,622],"distinguished":[90],"participants":[91],"in":[92,165,195,310,320,337,384,395,400,436,451,461,470,483,488,541,547,550,597,632,671],"form":[94],"such":[95,475,489],"Luigi":[97],"Pirandello":[98,116,563],"Bertolt":[100],"Brecht":[101,162,242,586],"are":[102,179,420,559,637],"defended":[103],"metatheatrical,":[107,164],"at":[108,509],"least":[109,510],"according":[110],"theory.":[113],"(2)":[114],"When":[115],"explores":[117],"dramatically":[118],"our":[119],"inability":[120],"distinguish":[122],"illusion":[124,147],"reality":[698],"seen":[130],"metatheatrical":[132],"(according":[133],"Tenet)":[138],"because":[139,170,623],"even":[140],"metadrama":[142],"blurs":[143],"boundaries":[145],"reality,":[149],"does":[182],"so":[152,264],"circumscribing":[154],"a":[155,286,430,490,591],"theatrical":[156,557,576,627,666],"explicitly":[158,472,600],"men;":[161],"Abel's":[166,423],"scheme":[167],"things,":[169],"he":[181],"insists":[172],"on":[173,218],"fact":[175,221,520],"[his":[177],"characters]":[178],"puppets;":[180],"try":[184],"pass":[186],"off":[188],"real":[190,553],"people,":[191],"[he]":[193],"delights":[394],"exhibiting":[196,396],"their":[197],"mechanisms.":[198],"keeping":[200],"with":[201,251,619,640],"reminds":[207],"us":[208],"Brecht's":[213,296,304,633],"plays":[214],"focus":[217],"very":[220,506],"they":[223,636],"have":[224],"indeed":[225,442],"been":[226,379,434],"It":[230,504],"also":[232],"worth":[233],"noting":[234],"there":[236],"distinctive":[239],"about":[240,413,499],"how":[241,602],"commits":[243],"when":[249,477],"compared":[250],"Pirandello's":[252,309],"handling":[253],"matter.":[256,417],"If":[257,418],"we":[258,281,419],"revise":[259],"reads":[267],"For":[268],"social":[523],"completely":[581],"men;'":[278],"instance,":[280],"may":[282],"understand":[283],"Social":[467,571],"Tenet,'":[289],"an":[290,455,471],"idea":[291],"far":[292],"more":[293],"central":[294],"than":[298,363,635],"would":[300],"Pirandello's.":[303],"different":[307,360,631],"from":[308],"makes":[313],"use":[314,386,569],"metadramatic":[316,592,657],"concepts":[317],"only":[319,692],"ontological":[322],"sense":[323],"reveal":[325,655],"seems,":[335],"but":[336],"its":[338],"rendering":[339],"evident":[340],"ideological,":[342],"constructed":[343,561,695],"nature":[344],"society,":[346],"implies":[348],"under":[350],"right":[352],"set":[353],"circumstances":[355],"too":[357],"could":[358],"(even":[361],"better)":[362],"is.":[365],"While":[366],"typically":[368],"described":[369],"metadramatic,":[371],"Caryl":[372],"Churchill's":[373,513,656,672],"has":[375,432],"time":[376],"again":[378],"linked":[380],"Brecht's,":[382],"particularly":[383,639],"her":[385],"various":[388],"alienation":[389],"techniques.":[390],"Like":[391],"Brecht,":[392],"she":[393,478,567,599],"[her":[397],"characters']":[398],"mechanisms":[399],"disrupt":[403],"audience's":[405],"comfort":[406],"level":[407],"inspire":[410],"critical":[411],"thinking":[412],"play's":[415],"subject":[416],"follow":[422],"salient":[424],"definition":[425],"metatheater's":[427],"characteristics,":[428],"then":[429],"case":[431],"already":[433],"made":[435],"literature":[438],"Churchill":[440,531],"metatheatrical.":[443],"Her":[444],"most":[445],"acclaimed":[446],"play,":[447],"Cloud":[448],"9,":[449],"(3)":[450],"fact,":[452],"serves":[453],"apt":[456],"example":[457],"way":[460,491,546,596],"playwright":[464],"fulfills":[465],"Brechtian":[473],"way,":[474],"asks":[479],"each":[481],"character":[482],"play":[485],"cast":[487],"draw":[494],"attention":[495],"stereotypical":[497],"attitudes":[498],"race":[500],"gender.":[502],"(4)":[503],"clear":[507],"some":[511],"directed":[516],"toward":[517],"critiquing":[518],"not,":[533],"however,":[534],"invoke":[535],"merely":[540],"investigate":[544],"both":[551],"similarly":[560],"(as":[562,585],"did),":[564],"nor":[565],"simply":[568],"characterize":[575],"productions":[577],"themselves":[578],"men":[584],"did).":[587],"This":[588],"essay":[589],"investigates":[590],"technique":[593],"distinctively":[594],"Churchill's--the":[595],"recognizes":[601],"two":[604],"sides":[605],"fourth":[608],"wall,":[609],"conceptual":[611],"barrier":[612],"audience":[614],"stage,":[616],"actually":[617],"interact":[618],"one":[620],"another.":[621],"means":[625],"production":[628],"were":[629],"much":[630],"era":[634],"today,":[638],"advent":[642],"multinational":[644,685],"corporations":[645],"instantaneous":[647],"forms":[648],"communication,":[650],"study":[652],"begins":[653],"modus":[658],"operandi;":[659],"is,":[661],"improvisations":[663],"community":[667],"recognized":[670],"constructions":[675],"specifically":[676],"designed":[677],"serve":[679],"interests":[681],"status":[683],"quo":[684],"capitalism":[686],"(for":[687],"example,":[688],"propping":[690],"up":[691],"those":[693],"artificially":[694],"versions":[696],"sustain":[700],"it).":[701],"\u2026":[702]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}