{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2030456541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6387910","title":"Disulfide Bond Engineered into T4 Lysozyme: Stabilization of the Protein Toward Thermal Inactivation","display_name":"Disulfide Bond Engineered into T4 Lysozyme: Stabilization of the Protein Toward Thermal Inactivation","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2030456541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6387910","mag":"2030456541","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6387910"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.6387910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6387910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6387910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110055699","display_name":"L. Jeanne Perry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183934855","display_name":"Genentech","ror":"https://ror.org/04gndp242","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118019719","https://openalex.org/I129302853","https://openalex.org/I183934855"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Jeanne Perry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biocatalysis Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biocatalysis Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183934855"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065786876","display_name":"Ronald B. Wetzel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3503-8581","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3503-8581"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183934855","display_name":"Genentech","ror":"https://ror.org/04gndp242","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118019719","https://openalex.org/I129302853","https://openalex.org/I183934855"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Wetzel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biocatalysis Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biocatalysis Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183934855"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183934855"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2084,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":313,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98073011,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"226","issue":"4674","first_page":"555","last_page":"557"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11124","display_name":"Protein purification and stability","score":0.5967000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11124","display_name":"Protein purification and stability","score":0.5967000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.19539999961853027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10404","display_name":"Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization","score":0.10239999741315842,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t4-lysozyme","display_name":"T4 lysozyme","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disulfide-bond-engineering","display_name":"disulfide bond engineering","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-thermostability","display_name":"protein thermal stability","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/site-directed-mutagenesis","display_name":"site-directed mutagenesis","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cysteine-substitution","display_name":"cysteine substitution","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-oxidation","display_name":"protein oxidation","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recombinant-protein-expression","display_name":"recombinant protein expression","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enzyme-activity","display_name":"enzyme activity","score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-cross-linking","display_name":"protein cross-linking","score":0.5249999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776966407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24779410","display_name":"Lysozyme","level":2,"score":0.9074099063873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16318435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149299","display_name":"Mutagenesis","level":4,"score":0.628623366355896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6213127374649048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103408237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642668","display_name":"Site-directed mutagenesis","level":4,"score":0.6137912273406982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.5748600363731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.5565153956413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40767141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285697","display_name":"Recombinant DNA","level":3,"score":0.4890745282173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547475151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25419","display_name":"Escherichia coli","level":3,"score":0.47020894289016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.2833724021911621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143065580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695","display_name":"Mutant","level":3,"score":0.1785913109779358}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002621","descriptor_name":"Chemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004274","descriptor_name":"DNA, Recombinant","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005818","descriptor_name":"Genetic Engineering","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007700","descriptor_name":"Kinetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009113","descriptor_name":"Muramidase","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009113","descriptor_name":"Muramidase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011489","descriptor_name":"Protein Denaturation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055598","descriptor_name":"Chemical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.6387910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6387910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6387910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:6387910","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6387910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W184982198","https://openalex.org/W268238884","https://openalex.org/W1485269876","https://openalex.org/W1523772004","https://openalex.org/W1594541410","https://openalex.org/W1601687245","https://openalex.org/W1964319287","https://openalex.org/W1970021931","https://openalex.org/W1972646337","https://openalex.org/W1974406851","https://openalex.org/W1976108782","https://openalex.org/W1980927085","https://openalex.org/W1997500814","https://openalex.org/W1999150153","https://openalex.org/W2011235810","https://openalex.org/W2011942470","https://openalex.org/W2014160633","https://openalex.org/W2017788188","https://openalex.org/W2018529040","https://openalex.org/W2027059643","https://openalex.org/W2032178575","https://openalex.org/W2032402250","https://openalex.org/W2033140007","https://openalex.org/W2035418514","https://openalex.org/W2038646817","https://openalex.org/W2050537942","https://openalex.org/W2053668583","https://openalex.org/W2054507895","https://openalex.org/W2060513801","https://openalex.org/W2076792638","https://openalex.org/W2090338919","https://openalex.org/W2113403117","https://openalex.org/W2161273461","https://openalex.org/W2745627398","https://openalex.org/W4243296320"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985702277","https://openalex.org/W1974537054","https://openalex.org/W1988005268","https://openalex.org/W2062346723","https://openalex.org/W2020520177","https://openalex.org/W1843609167","https://openalex.org/W2051682678","https://openalex.org/W2050861719","https://openalex.org/W1991403419","https://openalex.org/W1533952678"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"By":[0],"recombinant":[1],"DNA":[2],"techniques,":[3],"a":[4,10,16,45,90,130],"disulfide":[5,91],"bond":[6,92],"was":[7,26,41,69,85,136],"introduced":[8],"at":[9,52,125,145,154],"specific":[11,114],"site":[12],"in":[13,55,71,129],"T4":[14,38,110],"lysozyme,":[15],"disulfide-free":[17],"enzyme.":[18],"This":[19],"derivative":[20],"retained":[21],"full":[22],"enzymatic":[23,152],"activity":[24,115,153],"and":[25,82,97],"more":[27,137],"stable":[28,138],"toward":[29],"thermal":[30],"inactivation":[31],"than":[32,139],"the":[33,56,77,83,94,101,106,120,140],"wild-type":[34,121],"protein.":[35],"The":[36,66,133],"derivative,":[37],"lysozyme":[39,58,111],"(Ile3----Cys),":[40],"prepared":[42],"by":[43,60,150],"substituting":[44],"Cys":[46],"codon":[47,51],"for":[48],"an":[49],"Ile":[50],"position":[53],"3":[54],"cloned":[57],"gene":[59,68],"means":[61],"of":[62,76,100,105,119],"oligonucleotide-dependent,":[63],"site-directed":[64],"mutagenesis.":[65],"new":[67,95],"expressed":[70],"Escherichia":[72],"coli":[73],"under":[74],"control":[75],"(trp-lac)":[78],"hybrid":[79],"tac":[80],"promoter,":[81],"protein":[84,135],"purified.":[86],"Mild":[87],"oxidation":[88],"generated":[89],"between":[93],"Cys3":[96],"Cys97,":[98],"one":[99],"two":[102],"unpaired":[103],"cysteines":[104],"native":[107],"molecule.":[108],"Oxidized":[109],"(Ile3----Cys)":[112],"exhibited":[113],"identical":[116],"to":[117],"that":[118],"enzyme":[122],"when":[123],"measured":[124],"20":[126,155],"degrees":[127,156],"C":[128],"cell-clearing":[131],"assay.":[132],"cross-linked":[134],"wild":[141],"type":[142],"during":[143],"incubation":[144],"elevated":[146],"temperatures":[147],"as":[148],"determined":[149],"recovered":[151],"C.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}