{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2030408564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.011","title":"Effects of pyrolysis temperature and heating time on biochar obtained from the pyrolysis of straw and lignosulfonate","display_name":"Effects of pyrolysis temperature and heating time on biochar obtained from the pyrolysis of straw and lignosulfonate","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2030408564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.011","mag":"2030408564","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25435066"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21442059","display_name":"Bioresource Technology","issn_l":"0960-8524","issn":["0960-8524","1873-2976"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioresource Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436742","display_name":"Jie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4322-9118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4322-9118"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138501","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0313jb750","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Graduate School Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Graduate School Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409681","display_name":"Jia Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-1539","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-1539","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4728-5299"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165555","display_name":"Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05ndx7902","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165555"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jia Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165555"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072529043","display_name":"Rongle Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138501","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0313jb750","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rongle Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Graduate School Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China. Electronic address: rlliu@caas.net.cn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Graduate School Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China. Electronic address: rlliu@caas.net.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138501"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072529043","https://openalex.org/A5100409681"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210165555"],"apc_list":{"value":4880,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4880},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.5983,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":560,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98731915,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"176","issue":null,"first_page":"288","last_page":"291"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10016","display_name":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochar","display_name":"biochar","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrolysis-temperature","display_name":"pyrolysis temperature","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heating-time","display_name":"heating time","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/straw","display_name":"straw","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lignosulfonate","display_name":"lignosulfonate","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochar-yield","display_name":"biochar yield","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physicochemical-properties","display_name":"physicochemical properties","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porosity","display_name":"porosity","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aromaticity","display_name":"aromaticity","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-stability","display_name":"carbon stability","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedstock-type","display_name":"feedstock type","score":0.6299999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56085101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905495","display_name":"Biochar","level":3,"score":0.9825482368469238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36759035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848","display_name":"Pyrolysis","level":2,"score":0.9426872134208679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518881349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682","display_name":"Sulfur","level":2,"score":0.6862994432449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.628512978553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.5931053161621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206139338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355","display_name":"Raw material","level":2,"score":0.5762704610824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779587293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7622360","display_name":"Straw","level":2,"score":0.5267231464385986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.5098713636398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.4948381781578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.48283204436302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.47011175751686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526406351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177463","display_name":"Charcoal","level":2,"score":0.4698666036128998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540031477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Oxygen","level":2,"score":0.4229612350463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3647903800010681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.28675347566604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.19315630197525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.16278082132339478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.08965501189231873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002244","descriptor_name":"Carbon","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002244","descriptor_name":"Carbon","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002244","descriptor_name":"Carbon","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002244","descriptor_name":"Carbon","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002244","descriptor_name":"Carbon","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002244","descriptor_name":"Carbon","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002606","descriptor_name":"Charcoal","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002606","descriptor_name":"Charcoal","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002606","descriptor_name":"Charcoal","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006863","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006863","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006863","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008031","descriptor_name":"Lignin","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008031","descriptor_name":"Lignin","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008031","descriptor_name":"Lignin","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008031","descriptor_name":"Lignin","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008031","descriptor_name":"Lignin","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008031","descriptor_name":"Lignin","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008855","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Electron, Scanning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008855","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Electron, Scanning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008855","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Electron, Scanning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013696","descriptor_name":"Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013696","descriptor_name":"Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013696","descriptor_name":"Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019906","descriptor_name":"Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019906","descriptor_name":"Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019906","descriptor_name":"Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21442059","display_name":"Bioresource Technology","issn_l":"0960-8524","issn":["0960-8524","1873-2976"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioresource Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25435066","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25435066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioresource technology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5690000057220459,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W200417946","https://openalex.org/W1489947495","https://openalex.org/W1966288550","https://openalex.org/W1991134959","https://openalex.org/W2000100608","https://openalex.org/W2032515808","https://openalex.org/W2032830672","https://openalex.org/W2033911495","https://openalex.org/W2053215791","https://openalex.org/W2057028522","https://openalex.org/W2059652548","https://openalex.org/W2068713574","https://openalex.org/W2069087109","https://openalex.org/W2072697034","https://openalex.org/W2078270988","https://openalex.org/W2090932718","https://openalex.org/W2092433581","https://openalex.org/W2092776913","https://openalex.org/W2093098048","https://openalex.org/W2110726804"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2253284738","https://openalex.org/W3133168690","https://openalex.org/W2726540672","https://openalex.org/W2323835979","https://openalex.org/W3091306688","https://openalex.org/W4295196983","https://openalex.org/W3096992177","https://openalex.org/W2998610753","https://openalex.org/W2152567569","https://openalex.org/W4213363448"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":62},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-10-23T09:35:12.469056","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}