{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2030397290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.1988.tb00918.x","title":"The Experience of Underemployment","display_name":"The Experience of Underemployment","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2030397290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.1988.tb00918.x","mag":"2030397290"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/j.2161-1920.1988.tb00918.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.1988.tb00918.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.1988.tb00918.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44038507","display_name":"Journal of Employment Counseling","issn_l":"0022-0787","issn":["0022-0787","2161-1920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Employment Counseling","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084355487","display_name":"William A. Borgen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"WILLIAM A. BORGEN","raw_affiliation_strings":["William A. Borgen is an associate professor and chairman of the Department of Counselling Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Norman E. Amundson is an associate professor in the same department. Henry G. Harder is a doctoral candidate and rehabilitation counselor for the Workers Compensation Board, Richmond, British Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"William A. Borgen is an associate professor and chairman of the Department of Counselling Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Norman E. Amundson is an associate professor in the same department. Henry G. Harder is a doctoral candidate and rehabilitation counselor for the Workers Compensation Board, Richmond, British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065047249","display_name":"Norman E. Amundson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"NORMAN E. AMUNDSON","raw_affiliation_strings":["William A. Borgen is an associate professor and chairman of the Department of Counselling Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Norman E. Amundson is an associate professor in the same department. Henry G. Harder is a doctoral candidate and rehabilitation counselor for the Workers Compensation Board, Richmond, British Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"William A. Borgen is an associate professor and chairman of the Department of Counselling Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Norman E. Amundson is an associate professor in the same department. Henry G. Harder is a doctoral candidate and rehabilitation counselor for the Workers Compensation Board, Richmond, British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111506462","display_name":"Henry G. Harder","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"HENRY G. HARDER","raw_affiliation_strings":["William A. Borgen is an associate professor and chairman of the Department of Counselling Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Norman E. Amundson is an associate professor in the same department. Henry G. Harder is a doctoral candidate and rehabilitation counselor for the Workers Compensation Board, Richmond, British Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"William A. Borgen is an associate professor and chairman of the Department of Counselling Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Norman E. Amundson is an associate professor in the same department. Henry G. Harder is a doctoral candidate and rehabilitation counselor for the Workers Compensation Board, Richmond, British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2811,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88940053,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"4","first_page":"149","last_page":"159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11779","display_name":"Higher Education and Employability","score":0.8374000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11779","display_name":"Higher Education and Employability","score":0.8374000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11959","display_name":"Employment and Welfare Studies","score":0.12610000371932983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.013799999840557575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underemployment","display_name":"underemployment","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-graduates","display_name":"university graduates","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/male-graduates","display_name":"male graduates","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-experience","display_name":"work experience","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-experience","display_name":"emotional experience","score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/career-development","display_name":"career development","score":0.36000001430511475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776698172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931244","display_name":"Underemployment","level":3,"score":0.982281506061554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.8064109086990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7282822132110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.5644893646240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5242557525634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21409990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198827","display_name":"Self-actualization","level":2,"score":0.515042781829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780319001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6500754","display_name":"Work experience","level":3,"score":0.4119677245616913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27719756960868835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.1883818507194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1386219561100006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.09969121217727661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0859350860118866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.08451417088508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/j.2161-1920.1988.tb00918.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.1988.tb00918.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.1988.tb00918.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44038507","display_name":"Journal of Employment Counseling","issn_l":"0022-0787","issn":["0022-0787","2161-1920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Employment Counseling","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.833299994468689,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66837384","https://openalex.org/W288706331","https://openalex.org/W1524648721","https://openalex.org/W1980302482","https://openalex.org/W1989260515","https://openalex.org/W1993259421","https://openalex.org/W2007589185","https://openalex.org/W2021410935","https://openalex.org/W2039562665","https://openalex.org/W2056704909","https://openalex.org/W2142325887","https://openalex.org/W2314951122","https://openalex.org/W2341193770","https://openalex.org/W4230142730"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2299873863","https://openalex.org/W2025622943","https://openalex.org/W2068933729","https://openalex.org/W4413357583","https://openalex.org/W2479460839","https://openalex.org/W2586255537","https://openalex.org/W2294987959","https://openalex.org/W2898079069","https://openalex.org/W2183270755","https://openalex.org/W2937419221"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"authors":[1],"conducted":[2],"an":[3],"exploratory":[4],"study":[5],"of":[6],"male":[7],"college":[8],"graduates":[9],"who":[10],"experienced":[11],"underemployment":[12],"to":[13,25],"discover":[14],"significant":[15],"events":[16],"occurring":[17],"during":[18],"this":[19],"experience":[20],"and":[21],"the":[22],"feelings":[23],"attached":[24],"those":[26],"events.":[27]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}