{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2030064792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5150(96)01221-2","title":"Research and extension expenditures and productivity in Japanese agriculture, 1960\u20131990","display_name":"Research and extension expenditures and productivity in Japanese agriculture, 1960\u20131990","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2030064792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5150(96)01221-2","mag":"2030064792"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0169-5150(96)01221-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5150(96)01221-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5150(96)01221-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154775064","display_name":"Agricultural Economics","issn_l":"0169-5150","issn":["0169-5150","1574-0862"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agricultural Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/174057","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065424346","display_name":"Yoshimi Kuroda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Y Kuroda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Socio-Economic Planning, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Socio-Economic Planning, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065424346"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"],"apc_list":{"value":4030,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4030},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4055,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91981305,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"111","last_page":"124"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.513700008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.513700008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13508","display_name":"Agricultural Economics and Practices","score":0.45170000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.013799999840557575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-research-and-extension","display_name":"agricultural research and extension","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-productivity-growth","display_name":"agricultural productivity growth","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japanese-agriculture","display_name":"Japanese agriculture","score":0.7319999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.7816208600997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.6958668828010559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.656276285648346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6202998161315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.6139854192733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.15999537706375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1340961754322052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.045944422483444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0169-5150(96)01221-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5150(96)01221-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5150(96)01221-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154775064","display_name":"Agricultural Economics","issn_l":"0169-5150","issn":["0169-5150","1574-0862"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agricultural Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1574-0862.1997.tb00447.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.1997.tb00447.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.1997.tb00447.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154775064","display_name":"Agricultural Economics","issn_l":"0169-5150","issn":["0169-5150","1574-0862"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agricultural Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:174057","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/174057","pdf_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/174057","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/174057","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ags:iaaeaj:174057","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://purl.umn.edu/174057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:agecon:v:16:y:1997:i:2:p:111-124","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169-5150(96)01221-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.22004/ag.econ.174057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.174057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.174057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:174057","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/174057","pdf_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/174057","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/174057","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.6875,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.48510000109672546,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2030064792.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2030064792.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32895257","https://openalex.org/W72918592","https://openalex.org/W1575476075","https://openalex.org/W1594312411","https://openalex.org/W1603357035","https://openalex.org/W1865484398","https://openalex.org/W1966143505","https://openalex.org/W1967543782","https://openalex.org/W1989767674","https://openalex.org/W2026480930","https://openalex.org/W2027039264","https://openalex.org/W2036328291","https://openalex.org/W2053435438","https://openalex.org/W2091171224","https://openalex.org/W2091625221","https://openalex.org/W2094513782","https://openalex.org/W2108158487","https://openalex.org/W2119310795","https://openalex.org/W2275999206","https://openalex.org/W2290447275","https://openalex.org/W2339736638","https://openalex.org/W2488266836","https://openalex.org/W2556349659","https://openalex.org/W2559804083","https://openalex.org/W2797531236","https://openalex.org/W2800099811","https://openalex.org/W2912332603","https://openalex.org/W3121291912","https://openalex.org/W3141934247","https://openalex.org/W4234074509","https://openalex.org/W4240684224","https://openalex.org/W4243816883","https://openalex.org/W4252149510"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W644250417","https://openalex.org/W6907507004","https://openalex.org/W586316716","https://openalex.org/W7208523513","https://openalex.org/W2023408595","https://openalex.org/W7145680973","https://openalex.org/W289034368","https://openalex.org/W651544958","https://openalex.org/W4240684224","https://openalex.org/W7100179483"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,98],"paper":[2],"investigates":[3,25],"the":[4,7,10,18,26,35,38,41,50,55,64,73,77,104,107,115,136,145,154],"cause":[5],"for":[6,49],"decline":[8,108],"in":[9,14,46,70,84,88,96,111],"growth":[11],"of":[12,28,40,43,67,72,76,106],"productivity":[13,113],"Japanese":[15,47],"agriculture":[16,48],"since":[17,114],"late":[19,116],"1960s.":[20,117],"For":[21],"this":[22],"objective,":[23],"it":[24],"effects":[27,66],"research":[29],"and":[30,37,90,131,139,141,148],"extension":[31],"(R&E)":[32],"activities":[33],"on":[34,54,135,144],"extent":[36],"direction":[39],"bias":[42,119],"technological":[44],"change":[45],"period":[51],"1960\u201390":[52],"based":[53],"translog":[56],"cost":[57],"function":[58],"framework.":[59],"Empirical":[60],"results":[61],"show":[62],"that":[63],"cost\u2010reducing":[65],"R&E":[68,122],"measured":[69],"terms":[71],"absolute":[74],"value":[75],"cost\u2013R&E":[78],"elasticity":[79],"increased":[80],"slightly":[81],"from":[82],"0.194":[83],"1960":[85],"to":[86,94,121,125],"0.205":[87],"1965":[89],"then":[91],"decreased":[92],"consistently":[93],"0.110":[95],"1990.":[97],"finding":[99,105],"is":[100],"broadly":[101],"consistent":[102,152],"with":[103,153],"or":[109],"slowdown":[110],"agricultural":[112],"The":[118],"due":[120],"was":[123],"found":[124],"be":[126],"toward":[127],"labor,":[128],"intermediate":[129],"inputs,":[130],"other":[132],"inputs":[133],"saving":[134],"one":[137],"hand,":[138],"machinery":[140],"land":[142],"using":[143],"other.":[146],"Labor\u2010saving":[147],"machinery\u2010using":[149],"biases":[150],"are":[151],"Hicksian":[155],"induced":[156],"innovation":[157],"hypothesis.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
