{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029976367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326950dp3502_1","title":"Activation and Encoding of Predictive Inferences: The Role of Reading Skill","display_name":"Activation and Encoding of Predictive Inferences: The Role of Reading Skill","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029976367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326950dp3502_1","mag":"2029976367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15326950dp3502_1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326950dp3502_1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326950dp3502_1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181779256","display_name":"Discourse Processes","issn_l":"0163-853X","issn":["0163-853X","1532-6950"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discourse Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"John D. Murray","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John D. Murray","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113645202","display_name":"Kelly A. Burke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0456-0287","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0456-0287"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelly A. Burke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0641,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90790785,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"2","first_page":"81","last_page":"102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-inference","display_name":"predictive inference","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-skills","display_name":"reading skills","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-inference","display_name":"automatic inference","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-comprehension","display_name":"text comprehension","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-time","display_name":"reading time","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cued-recall","display_name":"cued recall","score":0.8379999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.8390897512435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.716670036315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.6403831243515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.6357002854347229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6196486353874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5244277119636536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.49843668937683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.47201699018478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4432283043861389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3209919333457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.22385093569755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15326950dp3502_1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326950dp3502_1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326950dp3502_1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181779256","display_name":"Discourse Processes","issn_l":"0163-853X","issn":["0163-853X","1532-6950"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discourse Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306518","display_name":"Spencer Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00rdpwj76"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309321","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119093098","https://openalex.org/W947159708","https://openalex.org/W1674947250","https://openalex.org/W1768959908","https://openalex.org/W1968475541","https://openalex.org/W1968976716","https://openalex.org/W1970171395","https://openalex.org/W1973239906","https://openalex.org/W1974174493","https://openalex.org/W1974747339","https://openalex.org/W1978742552","https://openalex.org/W1978759057","https://openalex.org/W1979710588","https://openalex.org/W1982562790","https://openalex.org/W1983685433","https://openalex.org/W1985243485","https://openalex.org/W1985304611","https://openalex.org/W1990689692","https://openalex.org/W1991981472","https://openalex.org/W2001467963","https://openalex.org/W2002023378","https://openalex.org/W2007037165","https://openalex.org/W2013926928","https://openalex.org/W2016831395","https://openalex.org/W2025432521","https://openalex.org/W2025874119","https://openalex.org/W2038024971","https://openalex.org/W2048386111","https://openalex.org/W2052447448","https://openalex.org/W2053498709","https://openalex.org/W2053590755","https://openalex.org/W2076641791","https://openalex.org/W2078340256","https://openalex.org/W2079982856","https://openalex.org/W2079994377","https://openalex.org/W2084015864","https://openalex.org/W2089022488","https://openalex.org/W2091938038","https://openalex.org/W2092308848","https://openalex.org/W2093079274","https://openalex.org/W2094786598","https://openalex.org/W2125166555","https://openalex.org/W2153313566","https://openalex.org/W3002382227","https://openalex.org/W4236856704","https://openalex.org/W4244822701","https://openalex.org/W4300654267","https://openalex.org/W6638124192","https://openalex.org/W6735242501"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127823705","https://openalex.org/W7126009099","https://openalex.org/W2792980772","https://openalex.org/W2899995295","https://openalex.org/W2067950749","https://openalex.org/W7009496012","https://openalex.org/W2483509648","https://openalex.org/W1985922645","https://openalex.org/W2083232049","https://openalex.org/W2614922010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,107,158],"focus":[1],"of":[2,10,18,116,123,127,155,175,183],"this":[3],"research":[4],"was":[5,64,71,81],"to":[6,24,58,146,169],"explore":[7],"the":[8,14,39,43,92,103,141,148,156,161,173,181],"role":[9],"reading":[11,34,85,102,136,164],"ability":[12],"in":[13,151],"activation":[15,70,177],"and":[16,50,96,143,178],"encoding":[17,80],"predictive":[19,61],"inferences.":[20],"Predictive":[21],"inferences":[22],"pertain":[23],"highly":[25],"predictable":[26],"text":[27],"events,":[28],"such":[29],"as":[30],"inferring":[31],"break":[32],"after":[33,101],"\"The":[35],"angry":[36],"husband":[37],"threw":[38],"fragile":[40],"vase":[41],"against":[42],"wall.\"":[44],"In":[45],"two":[46],"experiments,":[47],"high-,":[48],"moderate-,":[49],"low-skill":[51],"readers":[52,113,132],"read":[53],"texts":[54],"that":[55,90,110,139,163],"were":[56,144],"designed":[57],"elicit":[59],"a":[60,65,74,88,98,137],"inference":[62,69,93,128,142,150,176],"or":[63],"matched":[66],"control.":[67],"Automatic":[68],"measured":[72],"with":[73],"word-naming":[75],"task":[76,100],"(Experiment":[77,94,105],"1).":[78,106],"Inference":[79],"investigated":[82],"by":[83],"measuring":[84],"time":[86],"on":[87],"sentence":[89],"contradicted":[91,140],"2)":[95],"via":[97],"cued-recall":[99],"passages":[104],"results":[108],"showed":[109,114,125],"only":[111],"high-skill":[112],"evidence":[115,126],"automatic":[117],"activation,":[118],"but":[119],"all":[120,131],"readers,":[121],"regardless":[122],"skill,":[124],"encoding.":[129,184],"Specifically,":[130],"slowed":[133],"down":[134],"when":[135],"line":[138],"likely":[145,168],"include":[147],"targeted":[149],"their":[152],"recall":[153],"protocol":[154],"passages.":[157],"findings":[159],"support":[160],"conclusion":[162],"skill":[165],"differences":[166],"are":[167],"be":[170],"manifest":[171],"at":[172,180],"level":[174,182],"not":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}