{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029707196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ie800033a","title":"Simulations of Structures in Packed Columns and Validation by X-ray Tomography","display_name":"Simulations of Structures in Packed Columns and Validation by X-ray Tomography","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-08-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029707196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ie800033a","mag":"2029707196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/ie800033a","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ie800033a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ie800033a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202680183","display_name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","issn_l":"0888-5885","issn":["0888-5885","1520-5045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073633296","display_name":"Richard Caulkin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","display_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","ror":"https://ror.org/00afp2z80","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}],"countries":["BE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Caulkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816","https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074531195","display_name":"Xiaodong Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8590-7477","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8590-7477"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","display_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","ror":"https://ror.org/00afp2z80","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}],"countries":["BE","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"X. Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816","https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068659076","display_name":"Chaoshui Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6662-3823","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6662-3823"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","display_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","ror":"https://ror.org/00afp2z80","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}],"countries":["BE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816","https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072689231","display_name":"Michael Fairweather","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7568-2235","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7568-2235"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","display_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","ror":"https://ror.org/00afp2z80","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}],"countries":["BE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Fairweather","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816","https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060033969","display_name":"Richard Andrew Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4049-9710","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4049-9710"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","display_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","ror":"https://ror.org/00afp2z80","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}],"countries":["BE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. A. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816","https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056213412","display_name":"E. Hugh Stitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2208-882X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2208-882X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","display_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","ror":"https://ror.org/00afp2z80","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}],"countries":["BE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Stitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816","https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012427155","display_name":"Michiel Nijemeisland","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","display_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","ror":"https://ror.org/00afp2z80","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}],"countries":["BE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Nijemeisland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816","https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080953466","display_name":"Sa\u00efd Aferka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","display_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","ror":"https://ror.org/00afp2z80","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}],"countries":["BE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Aferka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816","https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042685903","display_name":"Michel Crine","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","display_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","ror":"https://ror.org/00afp2z80","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}],"countries":["BE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Crine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816","https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054801355","display_name":"Ang\u00e9lique L\u00e9onard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-4936","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-4936","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4247-4349"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","display_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","ror":"https://ror.org/00afp2z80","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}],"countries":["BE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. L\u00e9onard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816","https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012371356","display_name":"Dominique Toye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1368-212X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1368-212X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","display_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","ror":"https://ror.org/00afp2z80","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}],"countries":["BE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Toye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816","https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062302051","display_name":"P. Marchot","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","display_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","ror":"https://ror.org/00afp2z80","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}],"countries":["BE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Marchot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, Structure Vision Ltd., Leeds Innovation Centre, 103 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom, Johnson Matthey Catalysts, P.O. Box No 1, Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS23 1LB, United Kingdom, and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Institut de Chimie, B6c, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Sart Tilman, B4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816","https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074531195"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816","https://openalex.org/I157674565"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7706,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81775865,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"1","first_page":"202","last_page":"213"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10615","display_name":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10615","display_name":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12063","display_name":"Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packed-columns","display_name":"packed columns","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-interactions","display_name":"particle interactions","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-wall-interaction","display_name":"particle-wall interaction","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bulk-density","display_name":"bulk density","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granular-flow","display_name":"granular flow","score":0.45500001311302185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780584874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575866","display_name":"Pellets","level":2,"score":0.7700151801109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183893376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900117","display_name":"Sphere packing","level":2,"score":0.7083823680877686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527229","display_name":"Pellet","level":2,"score":0.6428830027580261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.6392072439193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.6078904867172241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172331833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751029","display_name":"Packed bed","level":2,"score":0.588327944278717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5240278840065002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.4784296154975891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.344529390335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33571720123291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.324896901845932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.30609583854675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.22666290402412415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20459911227226257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.15830504894256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13237670063972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.11598935723304749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08251646161079407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/ie800033a","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ie800033a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ie800033a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202680183","display_name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","issn_l":"0888-5885","issn":["0888-5885","1520-5045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.library.adelaide.edu.au:2440/58342","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2440/58342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401835","display_name":"Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","host_organization_name":"The University of Adelaide","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie800033a","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbi.ulg.ac.be:2268/5598","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/5598","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401300","display_name":"ORBi (University of Li\u00e8ge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","host_organization_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 48 (1), 202-213 (2009)","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W349478044","https://openalex.org/W637778695","https://openalex.org/W1601407826","https://openalex.org/W1967787286","https://openalex.org/W1971422150","https://openalex.org/W1998188913","https://openalex.org/W2027543751","https://openalex.org/W2059658485","https://openalex.org/W2073775990","https://openalex.org/W2074657612","https://openalex.org/W2087037915","https://openalex.org/W2092946294","https://openalex.org/W2134693093","https://openalex.org/W2158847285","https://openalex.org/W4230327365","https://openalex.org/W4251644969"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W60737186","https://openalex.org/W27144504","https://openalex.org/W7098291320","https://openalex.org/W1539419564","https://openalex.org/W2088408346","https://openalex.org/W1998188913","https://openalex.org/W2020931601","https://openalex.org/W2057593450","https://openalex.org/W2006809349","https://openalex.org/W1527829233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Packing":[0],"simulations":[1,71],"of":[2,23,43,78,95,100,114,147],"generic,":[3],"nonspherical":[4],"pellets":[5],"were":[6,34],"performed":[7,72],"and":[8,54,69,107,117,126,142],"compared":[9],"with":[10,89],"experimental":[11],"data":[12],"sets":[13],"obtained":[14,139],"using":[15,73],"X-ray":[16,92],"computerized":[17],"tomography":[18],"(CT).":[19],"Two":[20],"modified":[21,76],"versions":[22,77],"what":[24],"was":[25],"previously":[26],"a":[27,144],"purely":[28],"geometrical,":[29],"digitally":[30],"based":[31],"packing":[32,61,104,134,155],"algorithm":[33],"implemented.":[35],"Both":[36],"are":[37,136],"aimed":[38],"at":[39,159],"incorporating":[40],"the":[41,49,55,67,70,86,90,120],"effects":[42],"particle":[44],"interaction":[45],"forces,":[46],"one":[47],"utilizing":[48],"distinct":[50],"element":[51],"method":[52],"(DigiDEM)":[53],"other":[56],"an":[57],"intermediate":[58],"solution":[59],"(collision-guided":[60],"or":[62],"DigiCGP).":[63],"This":[64],"article":[65],"summarizes":[66],"models":[68],"these":[74,148],"two":[75],"DigiPac":[79],"and,":[80],"for":[81],"model":[82],"validation":[83],"purposes,":[84],"compares":[85],"predicted":[87],"results":[88,122],"corresponding":[91],"tomographic":[93],"scans":[94],"packed":[96,112],"columns,":[97],"in":[98],"terms":[99],"bulk":[101],"density,":[102],"local":[103],"density":[105],"profiles,":[106],"pellet":[108],"orientation":[109],"distributions.":[110],"For":[111],"beds":[113],"relatively":[115],"large":[116],"identical":[118],"pellets,":[119],"simulation":[121,141],"indicate":[123],"that":[124],"particle\u2212particle":[125],"particle\u2212wall":[127],"interactions":[128,149],"cannot":[129],"be":[130,138],"ignored":[131],"if":[132],"realistic":[133,154],"structures":[135],"to":[137],"by":[140],"even":[143],"simplistic":[145],"treatment":[146],"can":[150],"produce":[151],"significantly":[152],"more":[153],"structure":[156],"than":[157],"none":[158],"all.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}