{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029620076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1402.089","title":"Bisphosphonates","display_name":"Bisphosphonates","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029620076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1402.089","mag":"2029620076","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18056045"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1196/annals.1402.089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1402.089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1402.089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8802318","display_name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0077-8923","issn":["0077-8923","1749-6632"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068713744","display_name":"R.G.G. Russell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4136-1828","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4136-1828"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801809904","display_name":"Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/0036ate90","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801809904","https://openalex.org/I4210147381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. GRAHAM G. RUSSELL","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom. graham.russell@ndos.ox.ac.uk","The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom. graham.russell@ndos.ox.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801809904","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801809904","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001048151","display_name":"Zhidao Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2047-7282","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2047-7282"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801809904","display_name":"Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/0036ate90","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801809904","https://openalex.org/I4210147381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ZHIDAO XIA","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801809904","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012817393","display_name":"James E. Dunford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9932-4042","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9932-4042"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801809904","display_name":"Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/0036ate90","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801809904","https://openalex.org/I4210147381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JAMES E. DUNFORD","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801809904","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030288845","display_name":"Udo C. T. Oppermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-5342","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-5342"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801809904","display_name":"Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/0036ate90","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801809904","https://openalex.org/I4210147381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"UDO OPPERMANN","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom","The Structural Genomics Consortium, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801809904","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Structural Genomics Consortium, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801809904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060273712","display_name":"Aaron A. A. Kwaasi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801809904","display_name":"Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/0036ate90","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801809904","https://openalex.org/I4210147381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AARON KWAASI","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801809904","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033503332","display_name":"P A Hulley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4994-2264","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4994-2264"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801809904","display_name":"Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/0036ate90","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801809904","https://openalex.org/I4210147381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"PHILIPPA A. HULLEY","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801809904","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076200465","display_name":"K.L. Kavanagh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801809904","display_name":"Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/0036ate90","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801809904","https://openalex.org/I4210147381"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KATHRYN L. KAVANAGH","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Structural Genomics Consortium, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Structural Genomics Consortium, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801809904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061331499","display_name":"James T. Triffitt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801809904","display_name":"Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/0036ate90","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801809904","https://openalex.org/I4210147381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JAMES T. TRIFFITT","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801809904","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031452693","display_name":"Mark Walden Lundy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801809904","display_name":"Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/0036ate90","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801809904","https://openalex.org/I4210147381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MARK W. LUNDY","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801809904","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113709281","display_name":"Roger J. Phipps","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74680897","display_name":"Procter & Gamble (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkns738","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ROGER J. PHIPPS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Procter and Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Mason, Ohio, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Procter and Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Mason, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111964533","display_name":"B.L. Barnett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"BOBBY L. BARNETT","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108103025","display_name":"Fraser P. Coxon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195460627","display_name":"University of Aberdeen","ror":"https://ror.org/016476m91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"FRASER P. COXON","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bone and Musculoskeletal Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bone and Musculoskeletal Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081312172","display_name":"Michael J. Rogers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-9249","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-9249"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195460627","display_name":"University of Aberdeen","ror":"https://ror.org/016476m91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MICHAEL J. ROGERS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bone and Musculoskeletal Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bone and Musculoskeletal Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090665248","display_name":"Nelson B. Watts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0719-9801","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0719-9801"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"NELSON B. WATTS","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Bone Health and Osteoporosis Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Bone Health and Osteoporosis Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070859925","display_name":"Frank H. Ebetino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9133-1360","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9133-1360"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74680897","display_name":"Procter & Gamble (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkns738","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"FRANK H. EBETINO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Procter and Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Mason, Ohio, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Procter and Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Mason, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068713744"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801809904","https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":{"value":5080,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5080},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2157,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":391,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94713328,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1117","issue":"1","first_page":"209","last_page":"257"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11221","display_name":"Bone health and treatments","score":0.9189000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11221","display_name":"Bone health and treatments","score":0.9189000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11219","display_name":"Bone Metabolism and Diseases","score":0.04089999943971634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":0.03819999843835831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bisphosphonates","display_name":"bisphosphonates","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteoclast-inhibition","display_name":"osteoclast inhibition","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paget-s-disease-of-bone","display_name":"Paget's disease of bone","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-myeloma","display_name":"multiple myeloma","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-metastases","display_name":"bone metastasis","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteoporosis","display_name":"osteoporosis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farnesyl-pyrophosphate-synthase","display_name":"farnesyl diphosphate synthase","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mevalonate-pathway","display_name":"mevalonate pathway","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isoprenoid-lipids","display_name":"isoprenoid lipids","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/g-proteins","display_name":"G proteins","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteocyte-apoptosis","display_name":"osteocyte apoptosis","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alendronate","display_name":"alendronate","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risedronate","display_name":"risedronate","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ibandronate","display_name":"ibandronate","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zoledronic-acid","display_name":"zoledronic acid","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antifracture-efficacy","display_name":"antifracture efficacy","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-turnover-suppression","display_name":"bone turnover suppression","score":0.9419999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2699676","display_name":"Farnesyl pyrophosphate","level":4,"score":0.6735956072807312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779982574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14913010","display_name":"Mevalonate pathway","level":4,"score":0.6228092908859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170033053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q952019","display_name":"Bone remodeling","level":2,"score":0.6060447692871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C673006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4941581","display_name":"Bone resorption","level":2,"score":0.5765261650085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776541429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165328","display_name":"Osteoporosis","level":2,"score":0.5764977335929871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776033226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828410","display_name":"Osteoclast","level":3,"score":0.5733693242073059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5420907139778137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.4333411157131195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776886416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4941567","display_name":"Bone mineral","level":3,"score":0.4109210968017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.39593952894210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.37935325503349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.3478492498397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.29752933979034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.28571128845214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.24857962131500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112243037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22327117","display_name":"ATP synthase","level":3,"score":0.10506421327590942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C553450214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851162","display_name":"Biosynthesis","level":3,"score":0.07768216729164124}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001842","descriptor_name":"Bone and Bones","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001859","descriptor_name":"Bone Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000556","qualifier_name":"secondary","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001862","descriptor_name":"Bone Resorption","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004164","descriptor_name":"Diphosphonates","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004164","descriptor_name":"Diphosphonates","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004164","descriptor_name":"Diphosphonates","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006160","descriptor_name":"Guanosine Triphosphate","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008956","descriptor_name":"Models, Chemical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009101","descriptor_name":"Multiple Myeloma","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009362","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Metastasis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009584","descriptor_name":"Nitrogen","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010010","descriptor_name":"Osteoclasts","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010011","descriptor_name":"Osteocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010024","descriptor_name":"Osteoporosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011499","descriptor_name":"Protein Processing, Post-Translational","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1196/annals.1402.089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1402.089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1402.089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8802318","display_name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0077-8923","issn":["0077-8923","1749-6632"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18056045","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18056045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":177,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W83222219","https://openalex.org/W171119957","https://openalex.org/W282464114","https://openalex.org/W1498126696","https://openalex.org/W1571191858","https://openalex.org/W1798117942","https://openalex.org/W1849199576","https://openalex.org/W1907724197","https://openalex.org/W1965511198","https://openalex.org/W1966741541","https://openalex.org/W1967591628","https://openalex.org/W1968418396","https://openalex.org/W1970270213","https://openalex.org/W1970757070","https://openalex.org/W1971365252","https://openalex.org/W1971470705","https://openalex.org/W1971661467","https://openalex.org/W1971712306","https://openalex.org/W1972047663","https://openalex.org/W1973853198","https://openalex.org/W1974903174","https://openalex.org/W1975107690","https://openalex.org/W1975805439","https://openalex.org/W1977173743","https://openalex.org/W1977357021","https://openalex.org/W1978228601","https://openalex.org/W1978654749","https://openalex.org/W1981084939","https://openalex.org/W1984131196","https://openalex.org/W1986172208","https://openalex.org/W1987341466","https://openalex.org/W1988761345","https://openalex.org/W1990019150","https://openalex.org/W1990771263","https://openalex.org/W1992637537","https://openalex.org/W1993035292","https://openalex.org/W1994414479","https://openalex.org/W1996683346","https://openalex.org/W2000123390","https://openalex.org/W2000413455","https://openalex.org/W2000972013","https://openalex.org/W2002074462","https://openalex.org/W2003745782","https://openalex.org/W2005298224","https://openalex.org/W2006848294","https://openalex.org/W2007668592","https://openalex.org/W2009678900","https://openalex.org/W2009761842","https://openalex.org/W2012181214","https://openalex.org/W2016752237","https://openalex.org/W2018777439","https://openalex.org/W2020056291","https://openalex.org/W2021563247","https://openalex.org/W2021781733","https://openalex.org/W2021914683","https://openalex.org/W2022094899","https://openalex.org/W2022641698","https://openalex.org/W2023781848","https://openalex.org/W2026677867","https://openalex.org/W2027248329","https://openalex.org/W2027378546","https://openalex.org/W2027378713","https://openalex.org/W2030150570","https://openalex.org/W2030989965","https://openalex.org/W2031582882","https://openalex.org/W2031851347","https://openalex.org/W2032719886","https://openalex.org/W2033628492","https://openalex.org/W2034238658","https://openalex.org/W2034709568","https://openalex.org/W2034913902","https://openalex.org/W2035212880","https://openalex.org/W2037119610","https://openalex.org/W2038321403","https://openalex.org/W2038730598","https://openalex.org/W2038965450","https://openalex.org/W2039223695","https://openalex.org/W2041288377","https://openalex.org/W2041367424","https://openalex.org/W2044303380","https://openalex.org/W2045369683","https://openalex.org/W2045747724","https://openalex.org/W2045822231","https://openalex.org/W2047034325","https://openalex.org/W2047829280","https://openalex.org/W2048010075","https://openalex.org/W2049146115","https://openalex.org/W2057332307","https://openalex.org/W2057657847","https://openalex.org/W2061235833","https://openalex.org/W2062943845","https://openalex.org/W2064081312","https://openalex.org/W2064473486","https://openalex.org/W2065667561","https://openalex.org/W2065916720","https://openalex.org/W2067177940","https://openalex.org/W2069408046","https://openalex.org/W2071257673","https://openalex.org/W2071494980","https://openalex.org/W2072268794","https://openalex.org/W2072797307","https://openalex.org/W2075660804","https://openalex.org/W2076107807","https://openalex.org/W2076769374","https://openalex.org/W2076807367","https://openalex.org/W2077812971","https://openalex.org/W2080924874","https://openalex.org/W2082239474","https://openalex.org/W2083043389","https://openalex.org/W2088640839","https://openalex.org/W2090565690","https://openalex.org/W2092561265","https://openalex.org/W2093164779","https://openalex.org/W2097933001","https://openalex.org/W2098528749","https://openalex.org/W2098946904","https://openalex.org/W2099054178","https://openalex.org/W2101280309","https://openalex.org/W2102050391","https://openalex.org/W2102123887","https://openalex.org/W2102784689","https://openalex.org/W2106142458","https://openalex.org/W2108258946","https://openalex.org/W2112873377","https://openalex.org/W2113162921","https://openalex.org/W2115785458","https://openalex.org/W2117744034","https://openalex.org/W2118190246","https://openalex.org/W2123171945","https://openalex.org/W2124166505","https://openalex.org/W2124527463","https://openalex.org/W2127071635","https://openalex.org/W2128778774","https://openalex.org/W2130967257","https://openalex.org/W2132333914","https://openalex.org/W2132747627","https://openalex.org/W2134588765","https://openalex.org/W2135298952","https://openalex.org/W2137575981","https://openalex.org/W2141551775","https://openalex.org/W2141962990","https://openalex.org/W2142670098","https://openalex.org/W2144957471","https://openalex.org/W2146882510","https://openalex.org/W2147438935","https://openalex.org/W2149852370","https://openalex.org/W2150070711","https://openalex.org/W2150904792","https://openalex.org/W2152462404","https://openalex.org/W2152495738","https://openalex.org/W2152849773","https://openalex.org/W2153009489","https://openalex.org/W2153265866","https://openalex.org/W2154296503","https://openalex.org/W2156032366","https://openalex.org/W2156355362","https://openalex.org/W2156714804","https://openalex.org/W2159030901","https://openalex.org/W2159775719","https://openalex.org/W2159866886","https://openalex.org/W2160375308","https://openalex.org/W2161837912","https://openalex.org/W2166149223","https://openalex.org/W2168606601","https://openalex.org/W2169305616","https://openalex.org/W2170205803","https://openalex.org/W2170680219","https://openalex.org/W2171971238","https://openalex.org/W2273098085","https://openalex.org/W2321961720","https://openalex.org/W2408306201","https://openalex.org/W2495483784","https://openalex.org/W4211256216","https://openalex.org/W4233977468","https://openalex.org/W4240799970","https://openalex.org/W4255349992","https://openalex.org/W6657908648"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7073917805","https://openalex.org/W2134304734","https://openalex.org/W2386024166","https://openalex.org/W3008029507","https://openalex.org/W7030263287","https://openalex.org/W1965511198","https://openalex.org/W1968089570","https://openalex.org/W3035966048","https://openalex.org/W1977131519","https://openalex.org/W2172170054"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,84],"bisphosphonates":[1],"(BPs)":[2],"are":[3,146,171],"well":[4],"established":[5],"as":[6,141,148,164],"the":[7,64,88,115,124,179,199,217,229,233],"treatments":[8],"of":[9,13,20,82,87,105,127,153,168,203,205,207,221,223,232,235],"choice":[10],"for":[11,50,123,132,243,247],"disorders":[12],"excessive":[14],"bone":[15,24,51,224],"resorption,":[16],"including":[17],"Paget's":[18],"disease":[19],"bone,":[21,75],"myeloma":[22],"and":[23,26,53,68,79,95,175,216,219],"metastases,":[25],"osteoporosis.":[27],"There":[28],"is":[29],"considerable":[30],"new":[31],"knowledge":[32],"about":[33],"how":[34],"BPs":[35,67,90,158],"work.":[36],"Their":[37],"classical":[38],"pharmacological":[39,176],"effects":[40,56,86],"appear":[41,99],"to":[42,100,192],"result":[43,101],"from":[44,102],"two":[45],"key":[46,111],"properties:":[47],"their":[48,54,71,76,80,103,236,245],"affinity":[49],"mineral":[52],"inhibitory":[55,85],"on":[57,97,136],"osteoclasts.":[58],"Mineral":[59],"binding":[60],"affinities":[61],"differ":[62],"among":[63,178,198],"clinically":[65],"used":[66,122],"may":[69,190],"influence":[70],"differential":[72],"distribution":[73],"within":[74],"biological":[77,237],"potency,":[78],"duration":[81,220],"action.":[83,154],"nitrogen-containing":[89],"(including":[91],"alendronate,":[92],"risedronate,":[93],"ibandronate,":[94],"zoledronate)":[96],"osteoclasts":[98],"inhibition":[104],"farnesyl":[106],"pyrophosphate":[107],"synthase":[108],"(FPPS),":[109],"a":[110,156,186],"branch-point":[112],"enzyme":[113],"in":[114,144,201],"mevalonate":[116],"pathway.":[117],"FPPS":[118],"generates":[119],"isoprenoid":[120],"lipids":[121],"posttranslational":[125],"modification":[126],"small":[128],"GTP-binding":[129],"proteins":[130],"essential":[131],"osteoclast":[133],"function.":[134],"Effects":[135],"other":[137,149,166],"cellular":[138],"pathways,":[139],"such":[140],"preventing":[142],"apoptosis":[143],"osteocytes,":[145],"emerging":[147],"potentially":[150],"important":[151,195],"mechanisms":[152],"As":[155,226],"class,":[157],"share":[159],"several":[160],"common":[161],"properties.":[162],"However,":[163],"with":[165],"classes":[167],"drugs,":[169],"there":[170,239],"obvious":[172],"chemical,":[173],"biochemical,":[174],"differences":[177,197],"various":[180],"individual":[181],"BPs.":[182],"Each":[183],"BP":[184],"has":[185],"unique":[187],"profile":[188],"that":[189],"help":[191],"explain":[193],"potential":[194],"clinical":[196],"BPs,":[200],"terms":[202],"speed":[204],"onset":[206],"fracture":[208],"reduction,":[209],"antifracture":[210],"efficacy":[211],"at":[212],"different":[213],"skeletal":[214],"sites,":[215],"degree":[218],"suppression":[222],"turnover.":[225],"we":[227],"approach":[228],"40th":[230],"anniversary":[231],"discovery":[234],"effects,":[238],"remain":[240],"further":[241],"opportunities":[242],"using":[244],"properties":[246],"medical":[248],"purposes.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":32}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}