{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029601347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/2.546611","title":"Shared memory consistency models: a tutorial","display_name":"Shared memory consistency models: a tutorial","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029601347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/2.546611","mag":"2029601347"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/2.546611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/2.546611","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/2.546611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086111967","display_name":"Sarita V. Adve","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3403-5119","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3403-5119"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.V. Adve","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Rice Univ., Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Rice Univ., Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069896359","display_name":"Kourosh Gharachorloo Y","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Gharachorloo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Equipment Corporation, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Equipment Corporation, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2995,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2995},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":48.1424,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1135,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99830317,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"12","first_page":"66","last_page":"76"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.8628000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.8628000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.13269999623298645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-consistency-models","display_name":"memory consistency models","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shared-memory","display_name":"shared memory","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxed-consistency","display_name":"relaxed consistency","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-behavior","display_name":"program behavior","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-optimization","display_name":"system optimization","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache-coherence","display_name":"cache coherence","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiprocessor-memory-systems","display_name":"multiprocessor memory systems","score":0.44600000977516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8895188570022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37279795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2492305","display_name":"Consistency model","level":3,"score":0.8554657697677612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63000827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080428","display_name":"Software portability","level":2,"score":0.779908299446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.7725532650947571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374194","display_name":"Programmer","level":2,"score":0.6594747304916382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82029504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4373882","display_name":"Sequential consistency","level":4,"score":0.6297990679740906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39528615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229610","display_name":"Distributed shared memory","level":5,"score":0.5589712858200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141917322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1025017","display_name":"Cache coherence","level":5,"score":0.5274099111557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12186640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815743","display_name":"Memory model","level":3,"score":0.4986999034881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133875982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764810","display_name":"Shared memory","level":2,"score":0.49386316537857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4892151355743408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176649486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308807","display_name":"Memory management","level":3,"score":0.3902858793735504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.37100687623023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.33320122957229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3331465423107147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93361087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4426698","display_name":"Data consistency","level":2,"score":0.3129662275314331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.2138308584690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51290061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1936765","display_name":"Uniform memory access","level":4,"score":0.21140044927597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14688467979431152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136085584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910289","display_name":"Overlay","level":2,"score":0.11748170852661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189783530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352090","display_name":"CPU cache","level":3,"score":0.11316603422164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38556500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13404475","display_name":"Cache algorithms","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":12,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/2.546611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/2.546611","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/2.546611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.106.5742","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.106.5742","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://csrl.unt.edu/~kavi/CSCE6610/consistency.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.114.4512","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.114.4512","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~kloukin/IN2P3/material/WRL-TR-95.7.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.156.7791","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.156.7791","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.unc.edu/~prins/Classes/633/Readings/MemoryConsistencyModelsTutorial.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.17.5574","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.17.5574","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://rsim.cs.uiuc.edu/~sadve/Publications/models_tutorial.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.22.7163","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.22.7163","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.crhc.uiuc.edu/ece412/papers/models_tutorial.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.36.8566","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.36.8566","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/Digital/WRL/research-reports/WRL-TR-95.7.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.53.4665","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.53.4665","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://casaturn.kaist.ac.kr/~sikang/course/CS614/AG95.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.627.6297","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.627.6297","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.scs.stanford.edu/06au-cs240/sched/readings/shmem-tut.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.74.1827","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.74.1827","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www-db.stanford.edu/~manku/quals/zpapers/95-consistency.pdf.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.87.4796","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.87.4796","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/Compaq-DEC/WRL-95-7.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.91.3782","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.91.3782","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~ece548/localcpy/tr95_7.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508282982","https://openalex.org/W1520705314","https://openalex.org/W1540779330","https://openalex.org/W1552694545","https://openalex.org/W1561909526","https://openalex.org/W1586894932","https://openalex.org/W1738788207","https://openalex.org/W1857467995","https://openalex.org/W1885534640","https://openalex.org/W1971660842","https://openalex.org/W1984776916","https://openalex.org/W1993492456","https://openalex.org/W2004205182","https://openalex.org/W2023366662","https://openalex.org/W2039509099","https://openalex.org/W2045867114","https://openalex.org/W2054739713","https://openalex.org/W2058614217","https://openalex.org/W2060481237","https://openalex.org/W2070136743","https://openalex.org/W2096733429","https://openalex.org/W2096956970","https://openalex.org/W2111654556","https://openalex.org/W2112378054","https://openalex.org/W2115460680","https://openalex.org/W2127498615","https://openalex.org/W2131454290","https://openalex.org/W2131607581","https://openalex.org/W2136938909","https://openalex.org/W2137296754","https://openalex.org/W2151263383","https://openalex.org/W2152390090","https://openalex.org/W2154346069","https://openalex.org/W2161011047","https://openalex.org/W2163196718","https://openalex.org/W2165083806","https://openalex.org/W2165365531","https://openalex.org/W2171564459","https://openalex.org/W2176864362","https://openalex.org/W2177772636","https://openalex.org/W2197000251","https://openalex.org/W3149658335","https://openalex.org/W3184242606","https://openalex.org/W4229517165","https://openalex.org/W4230333905","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095116771","https://openalex.org/W2145655468","https://openalex.org/W7095157916","https://openalex.org/W2473231707","https://openalex.org/W1857467995","https://openalex.org/W1738788207","https://openalex.org/W1524267037","https://openalex.org/W7217721564","https://openalex.org/W3008183099","https://openalex.org/W4312995803"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"memory":[1,16,58],"consistency":[2,17,52,85],"model":[3],"of":[4,61,83,92],"a":[5,20],"system":[6,38,66,96],"affects":[7],"performance,":[8],"programmability,":[9],"and":[10,44,70],"portability.":[11],"We":[12,76],"aim":[13],"to":[14,41],"describe":[15,78],"models":[18,53,63,86],"in":[19,90],"way":[21],"that":[22,87],"most":[23],"computer":[24],"professionals":[25],"would":[26],"understand.":[27],"This":[28],"is":[29,51],"important":[30],"if":[31],"the":[32,65],"performance-enhancing":[33],"features":[34],"being":[35],"incorporated":[36],"by":[37,47],"designers":[39],"are":[40],"be":[42],"correctly":[43],"widely":[45],"used":[46],"programmers.":[48],"Our":[49],"focus":[50],"proposed":[54],"for":[55],"hardware-based":[56],"shared":[57],"systems.":[59],"Most":[60],"these":[62],"emphasize":[64],"optimizations":[67],"they":[68],"support,":[69],"we":[71],"retain":[72],"this":[73],"system-centric":[74],"emphasis.":[75],"also":[77],"an":[79],"alternative,":[80],"programmer-centric":[81],"view":[82],"relaxed":[84],"describes":[88],"them":[89],"terms":[91],"program":[93],"behavior,":[94],"not":[95],"optimizations.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":68}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
