{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029487555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0958822960090205","title":"WRITING THE NATURAL WAY: ON COMPUTER","display_name":"WRITING THE NATURAL WAY: ON COMPUTER","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029487555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0958822960090205","mag":"2029487555"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0958822960090205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0958822960090205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0958822960090205","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0958822960090205","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100649693","display_name":"Computer Assisted Language Learning","issn_l":"0958-8221","issn":["0958-8221","1744-3210"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Assisted Language Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0958822960090205","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028171673","display_name":"Martha C. Pennington","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3254-6281","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3254-6281"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martha C. Pennington","raw_affiliation_strings":["English Department, City University of Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"English Department, City University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028171673"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35177277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2-3","first_page":"125","last_page":"142"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.4602000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.4602000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12070","display_name":"Writing and Handwriting Education","score":0.3495999872684479,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14516","display_name":"English Language Learning and Teaching","score":0.054999999701976776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-assisted-writing","display_name":"computer-assisted writing","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/writing-development","display_name":"writing development","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/writing-stages","display_name":"writing process stages","score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/writing-instruction","display_name":"writing instruction","score":0.32899999618530273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7662046551704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5553768277168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5354588031768799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909807104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Computer-Assisted Instruction","level":2,"score":0.46943309903144836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78148190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8192","display_name":"Writing system","level":2,"score":0.4288586378097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.419028639793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3466821312904358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3297467827796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.32261037826538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.307489812374115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.27587154507637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08862796425819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0842646062374115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.057050347328186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/0958822960090205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0958822960090205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0958822960090205","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0958822960090205","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100649693","display_name":"Computer Assisted Language Learning","issn_l":"0958-8221","issn":["0958-8221","1744-3210"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Assisted Language Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:intellectum.unisabana.edu.co:10818/3162","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scielo.unal.edu.co/scielo.php?pid=S1657-","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401748","display_name":"Intellectum (Universidad de La Sabana)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157650460","host_organization_name":"Universidad de La Sabana","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157650460"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:americanae.aecid.es:3939090","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://americanae.aecid.es/americanae/es/registros/registro.do?tipoRegistro=MTD&idBib=3939090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400786","display_name":"Americanae (AECID Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Universidad de La Sabana","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0958822960090205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0958822960090205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0958822960090205","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0958822960090205","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100649693","display_name":"Computer Assisted Language Learning","issn_l":"0958-8221","issn":["0958-8221","1744-3210"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Assisted Language Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.4156000018119812}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2029487555.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2029487555.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W70032423","https://openalex.org/W74979290","https://openalex.org/W167880415","https://openalex.org/W344140066","https://openalex.org/W577220774","https://openalex.org/W628954343","https://openalex.org/W1535149604","https://openalex.org/W1579376449","https://openalex.org/W1582354098","https://openalex.org/W1965739026","https://openalex.org/W1978152661","https://openalex.org/W2004719617","https://openalex.org/W2007969336","https://openalex.org/W2040004888","https://openalex.org/W2044356182","https://openalex.org/W2061104703","https://openalex.org/W2065115343","https://openalex.org/W2082097053","https://openalex.org/W2088745704","https://openalex.org/W2095143312","https://openalex.org/W2101506772","https://openalex.org/W2110095212","https://openalex.org/W2111581214","https://openalex.org/W2114589397","https://openalex.org/W2168898091","https://openalex.org/W2607952822","https://openalex.org/W2725742572","https://openalex.org/W2740431576","https://openalex.org/W4232040236","https://openalex.org/W4236434020","https://openalex.org/W4246022845"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2352394698","https://openalex.org/W1558092937","https://openalex.org/W271413902","https://openalex.org/W435577824","https://openalex.org/W2483587148","https://openalex.org/W9611075","https://openalex.org/W1522056608","https://openalex.org/W3135327818","https://openalex.org/W319502700","https://openalex.org/W7036825907"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"model":[1],"of":[2,10,13,28,44,50],"computer":[3,53],"writing":[4,32],"skill":[5],"is":[6],"presented":[7],"that":[8],"consists":[9],"four":[11],"stages":[12],"development\u2010\u2010(1)":[14],"Writing":[15,18,21,24],"Easier,":[16],"(2)":[17],"More,":[19],"(3)":[20],"Differently,":[22],"(4)":[23],"Better\u2010\u2010representing":[25],"the":[26,41,45],"evolution":[27],"a":[29,48],"natural":[30],"computer\u2010based":[31],"approach":[33],"under":[34],"favorable":[35],"conditions.":[36],"The":[37],"relevant":[38],"conditions":[39],"comprise":[40],"starting":[42],"state":[43],"user":[46],"and":[47],"range":[49],"constraints":[51],"on":[52],"use.":[54]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
