{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029409356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858413516799","title":"Protective Autoimmunity","display_name":"Protective Autoimmunity","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029409356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858413516799","mag":"2029409356","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24395337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1073858413516799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858413516799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858413516799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103928886","display_name":"The Neuroscientist","issn_l":"1073-8584","issn":["1073-8584","1089-4098"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Neuroscientist","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michal Schwartz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53964585","display_name":"Weizmann Institute of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0316ej306","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michal Schwartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel","1Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024571521","display_name":"Catarina Rap\u00f4so","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-497X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-497X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53964585","display_name":"Weizmann Institute of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0316ej306","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catarina Raposo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"],"apc_list":{"value":4400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7344,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":88,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"343","last_page":"358"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.8935999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.8935999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10137","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","score":0.07540000230073929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.02539999969303608,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroinflammation","display_name":"neuroinflammation","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurodegenerative-diseases","display_name":"neurodegenerative diseases","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sclerosis","display_name":"multiple sclerosis","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-t-cells","display_name":"regulatory T cells","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effector-t-cells","display_name":"effector T cells","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cns-repair","display_name":"CNS repair","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-homeostasis","display_name":"immune homeostasis","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-inflammatory-therapy","display_name":"anti-inflammatory therapy","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innate-immune-cells","display_name":"innate immune cells","score":0.6380000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780130043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192360","display_name":"Autoimmunity","level":3,"score":0.8274781703948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.6972804665565491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.6485476493835449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780640218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8277","display_name":"Multiple sclerosis","level":2,"score":0.6055974960327148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.6003064513206482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5767310261726379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.5374205112457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87753298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17157137","display_name":"Neuroinflammation","level":3,"score":0.5156582593917847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63645605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103191","display_name":"Homeostasis","level":2,"score":0.48681899905204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.44317346811294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3809897005558014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.07728397846221924}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1073858413516799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858413516799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858413516799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103928886","display_name":"The Neuroscientist","issn_l":"1073-8584","issn":["1073-8584","1089-4098"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Neuroscientist","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24395337","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24395337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry","raw_type":"Review"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":132,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518732295","https://openalex.org/W1547225066","https://openalex.org/W1547955534","https://openalex.org/W1586876258","https://openalex.org/W1631529440","https://openalex.org/W1653792289","https://openalex.org/W1903439047","https://openalex.org/W1963870368","https://openalex.org/W1964229968","https://openalex.org/W1966408152","https://openalex.org/W1977899668","https://openalex.org/W1980374113","https://openalex.org/W1984576323","https://openalex.org/W1987735044","https://openalex.org/W1988178045","https://openalex.org/W1989369404","https://openalex.org/W1990626639","https://openalex.org/W1991156200","https://openalex.org/W1993764727","https://openalex.org/W1994076014","https://openalex.org/W1996243257","https://openalex.org/W1996454121","https://openalex.org/W2003674452","https://openalex.org/W2003870922","https://openalex.org/W2005209128","https://openalex.org/W2009813808","https://openalex.org/W2012628829","https://openalex.org/W2013279295","https://openalex.org/W2014063688","https://openalex.org/W2014099101","https://openalex.org/W2014651619","https://openalex.org/W2017260345","https://openalex.org/W2018352999","https://openalex.org/W2018734694","https://openalex.org/W2019430813","https://openalex.org/W2020407498","https://openalex.org/W2021385876","https://openalex.org/W2022056942","https://openalex.org/W2023343492","https://openalex.org/W2026393786","https://openalex.org/W2027676229","https://openalex.org/W2029544496","https://openalex.org/W2030908648","https://openalex.org/W2031809301","https://openalex.org/W2033344638","https://openalex.org/W2034387476","https://openalex.org/W2037084854","https://openalex.org/W2039334993","https://openalex.org/W2045262404","https://openalex.org/W2045621229","https://openalex.org/W2045728118","https://openalex.org/W2051173215","https://openalex.org/W2051992221","https://openalex.org/W2052014407","https://openalex.org/W2055331226","https://openalex.org/W2055485094","https://openalex.org/W2056487354","https://openalex.org/W2056579933","https://openalex.org/W2056603123","https://openalex.org/W2059762745","https://openalex.org/W2061660439","https://openalex.org/W2062363040","https://openalex.org/W2063986567","https://openalex.org/W2068674690","https://openalex.org/W2068693752","https://openalex.org/W2068929145","https://openalex.org/W2074257485","https://openalex.org/W2075892765","https://openalex.org/W2077490433","https://openalex.org/W2078862205","https://openalex.org/W2080635877","https://openalex.org/W2080808232","https://openalex.org/W2080935386","https://openalex.org/W2081117923","https://openalex.org/W2083190337","https://openalex.org/W2084652820","https://openalex.org/W2085087265","https://openalex.org/W2087402752","https://openalex.org/W2089198034","https://openalex.org/W2092644347","https://openalex.org/W2095783207","https://openalex.org/W2096582296","https://openalex.org/W2097867538","https://openalex.org/W2098393992","https://openalex.org/W2100211448","https://openalex.org/W2100944105","https://openalex.org/W2101483035","https://openalex.org/W2104962128","https://openalex.org/W2106181827","https://openalex.org/W2106914633","https://openalex.org/W2108398194","https://openalex.org/W2108723188","https://openalex.org/W2109261715","https://openalex.org/W2110729320","https://openalex.org/W2110939383","https://openalex.org/W2112350141","https://openalex.org/W2114213433","https://openalex.org/W2117124138","https://openalex.org/W2117976722","https://openalex.org/W2120819751","https://openalex.org/W2120891084","https://openalex.org/W2122385038","https://openalex.org/W2123011060","https://openalex.org/W2123442007","https://openalex.org/W2123848058","https://openalex.org/W2127148071","https://openalex.org/W2130529018","https://openalex.org/W2130949787","https://openalex.org/W2132118448","https://openalex.org/W2135647797","https://openalex.org/W2140085084","https://openalex.org/W2140139281","https://openalex.org/W2142820307","https://openalex.org/W2144423934","https://openalex.org/W2145938600","https://openalex.org/W2147904592","https://openalex.org/W2148898943","https://openalex.org/W2149509854","https://openalex.org/W2150747144","https://openalex.org/W2151400960","https://openalex.org/W2151417786","https://openalex.org/W2154340809","https://openalex.org/W2155516436","https://openalex.org/W2158704188","https://openalex.org/W2159103481","https://openalex.org/W2161060662","https://openalex.org/W2161456562","https://openalex.org/W2165863447","https://openalex.org/W2167589136","https://openalex.org/W2170899083","https://openalex.org/W2468628232","https://openalex.org/W4296759585"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2181810368","https://openalex.org/W2340570733","https://openalex.org/W2146010687","https://openalex.org/W2034637876","https://openalex.org/W2120268751","https://openalex.org/W2069523277","https://openalex.org/W2000061964","https://openalex.org/W1967933829","https://openalex.org/W2956132807","https://openalex.org/W1971820900"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Immune":[0],"activity":[1,137],"in":[2,45,154,164,172],"the":[3,27,40,72,129,136,180],"CNS":[4,65,111,152,155],"parenchyma":[5],"under":[6],"various":[7],"acute":[8],"and":[9,47,83,104,145,157,168,183],"chronic":[10,123],"neurodegenerative":[11,49],"conditions":[12],"has":[13],"been":[14],"often":[15],"interpreted":[16],"as":[17,35,64],"a":[18,52,173],"sign":[19],"of":[20,26,74,131,138,179],"pathological":[21,124],"inflammation.":[22],"The":[23],"apparent":[24],"resemblance":[25],"local":[28,53,105],"neuroinflammatory":[29],"processes":[30,113],"to":[31,79,88,166,185],"autoimmune":[32,89],"diseases,":[33],"such":[34],"multiple":[36],"sclerosis":[37],"(MS),":[38],"generated":[39],"view":[41],"that,":[42],"despite":[43],"differences":[44],"etiology":[46,73],"pathology,":[48,82],"disorders":[50],"with":[51,71,102,149],"inflammatory":[54],"component":[55],"can":[56,109],"benefit":[57],"from":[58,120],"systemic":[59],"anti-inflammatory":[60],"therapy.":[61],"In":[62],"addition,":[63],"self-reactive":[66],"T":[67,99,147],"cells":[68,148],"are":[69],"associated":[70],"MS,":[75],"autoimmunity":[76],"was":[77,85],"assumed":[78],"solely":[80],"reflect":[81],"therefore,":[84],"universally":[86],"linked":[87],"disease.":[90],"Yet,":[91],"it":[92],"is":[93],"becoming":[94],"increasingly":[95],"clear":[96],"that":[97],"CNS-specific":[98],"cells,":[100,108],"along":[101],"circulating":[103],"innate":[106],"immune":[107,140,161],"enhance":[110],"healing":[112],"following":[114],"non-infectious":[115],"injuries,":[116],"or":[117],"any":[118],"deviation":[119],"homeostasis,":[121],"including":[122],"conditions.":[125],"Here,":[126],"we":[127],"discuss":[128],"theory":[130],"\"protective":[132],"autoimmunity,\"":[133],"which":[134],"describes":[135],"an":[139,160],"cell":[141],"network":[142],"encompassing":[143],"effector":[144],"regulatory":[146],"specificity":[150],"for":[151],"antigens,":[153],"maintenance":[156],"repair.":[158],"Such":[159],"network,":[162],"evoked":[163],"response":[165],"external":[167],"internal":[169],"threats,":[170],"functions":[171],"tightly":[174],"regulated":[175],"way,":[176],"ensuring":[177],"restoration":[178],"brain's":[181],"equilibrium":[182],"return":[184],"homeostasis.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
