{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029155481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.6.4.7","title":"Product Markets and 1992: Full Integration, Large Gains?","display_name":"Product Markets and 1992: Full Integration, Large Gains?","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029155481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.6.4.7","mag":"2029155481"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1257/jep.6.4.7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.6.4.7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.6.4.7","pdf_url":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles/pdf/doi/10.1257/jep.6.4.7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72880728","display_name":"The Journal of Economic Perspectives","issn_l":"0895-3309","issn":["0895-3309","1944-7965"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Economic Perspectives","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles/pdf/doi/10.1257/jep.6.4.7","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015952969","display_name":"Harry Flam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140326","display_name":"Centre for Economic Policy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04jzmdh37","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Harry Flam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Fellow, Institute for International Economic Studies, Stockholm, Sweden, and Centre for Economic Policy Research, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Fellow, Institute for International Economic Studies, Stockholm, Sweden, and Centre for Economic Policy Research, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015952969"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.8266,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97784362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"7","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.4293999969959259,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.4293999969959259,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10289","display_name":"European Union Policy and Governance","score":0.3862000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.01590000092983246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-market","display_name":"internal market","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-community-integration","display_name":"European Community integration","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-movement-of-goods","display_name":"free movement of goods","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-movement-of-workers","display_name":"free movement of workers","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-mobility","display_name":"capital mobility","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-in-services","display_name":"trade in services","score":0.46000000834465027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780409804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621701","display_name":"Apprehension","level":2,"score":0.6816797852516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114350782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12638","display_name":"Gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.5894281268119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5822004079818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5228079557418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187452473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2897903","display_name":"Goods and services","level":2,"score":0.48799505829811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.48240792751312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019422483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1646605","display_name":"Member states","level":3,"score":0.4592573046684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.45108848810195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781051278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6770814","display_name":"Market integration","level":2,"score":0.4318029582500458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45051096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327750","display_name":"Single market","level":3,"score":0.4307031035423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.31926417350769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2928045988082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.24471378326416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.23377126455307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1329769790172577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1257/jep.6.4.7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.6.4.7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.6.4.7","pdf_url":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles/pdf/doi/10.1257/jep.6.4.7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72880728","display_name":"The Journal of Economic Perspectives","issn_l":"0895-3309","issn":["0895-3309","1944-7965"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Economic Perspectives","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:su-195487","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-195487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400561","display_name":"DiVA (Stockholm University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I161593684","host_organization_name":"Stockholm University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:aea:jecper:v:6:y:1992:i:4:p:7-30","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/jep.6.4.7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1257/jep.6.4.7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.6.4.7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.6.4.7","pdf_url":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles/pdf/doi/10.1257/jep.6.4.7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72880728","display_name":"The Journal of Economic Perspectives","issn_l":"0895-3309","issn":["0895-3309","1944-7965"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Economic Perspectives","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.75}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2029155481.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2029155481.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100866856","https://openalex.org/W1494233153","https://openalex.org/W1498201492","https://openalex.org/W1501263562","https://openalex.org/W1512007567","https://openalex.org/W1518189867","https://openalex.org/W1533083962","https://openalex.org/W1543702798","https://openalex.org/W1565312512","https://openalex.org/W1590950842","https://openalex.org/W1594058568","https://openalex.org/W1834860614","https://openalex.org/W1869107873","https://openalex.org/W1970425771","https://openalex.org/W1976371402","https://openalex.org/W1986698147","https://openalex.org/W1996995475","https://openalex.org/W2003445166","https://openalex.org/W2010628486","https://openalex.org/W2027071999","https://openalex.org/W2029653792","https://openalex.org/W2032617820","https://openalex.org/W2066158318","https://openalex.org/W2080389691","https://openalex.org/W2102398145","https://openalex.org/W2105246497","https://openalex.org/W2130945896","https://openalex.org/W2133830535","https://openalex.org/W2137305417","https://openalex.org/W2142827056","https://openalex.org/W2160041246","https://openalex.org/W2171763706","https://openalex.org/W2260898264","https://openalex.org/W2329393734","https://openalex.org/W2339066193","https://openalex.org/W2497840633","https://openalex.org/W2891054941","https://openalex.org/W3022655428","https://openalex.org/W3122626546","https://openalex.org/W3124909988","https://openalex.org/W3150313671","https://openalex.org/W4240821668"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4246025281","https://openalex.org/W2493969588","https://openalex.org/W104044587","https://openalex.org/W568463669","https://openalex.org/W4247192082","https://openalex.org/W2504099183","https://openalex.org/W1530063098","https://openalex.org/W2963369331","https://openalex.org/W2007125215","https://openalex.org/W2008035475"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,69],"goal":[1],"of":[2,31,46,62],"the":[3,14,38,42,47,56,77,89,101],"'\u201c1992\u201d":[4],"program":[5,39],"is":[6,40],"to":[7,19,81,106],"complete":[8],"by":[9],"January":[10],"1,":[11],"1993,":[12],"what":[13],"European":[15,102],"Community":[16,48,103],"set":[17],"out":[18],"do":[20],"in":[21,60],"1957:":[22],"create":[23],"a":[24,28,51],"common":[25,52],"market":[26,53],"with":[27],"free":[29],"flow":[30],"goods,":[32],"services,":[33],"labor,":[34],"and":[35,64,79,92],"capital.":[36],"If":[37],"completed,":[41],"twelve":[43],"member":[44],"countries":[45,99],"will":[49,110],"form":[50],"larger":[54],"than":[55],"United":[57],"States,":[58],"both":[59],"terms":[61],"population":[63],"gross":[65],"domestic":[66],"product":[67],"(GDP).":[68],"renewed":[70],"efforts":[71],"have":[72,104],"fuelled":[73],"high":[74],"expectations":[75],"among":[76,83],"participants,":[78],"led":[80],"apprehension":[82],"many":[84],"onlookers.":[85],"Will":[86],"\u201c1992\u201d":[87,108],"bring":[88],"full":[90],"integration":[91],"substantial":[93],"benefits":[94],"that":[95],"are":[96],"expected?":[97],"Do":[98],"outside":[100],"reason":[105],"fear":[107],"or":[109],"they":[111],"also":[112],"benefit?":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}