{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029010801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/512976.512982","title":"A mathematical approach to language design","display_name":"A mathematical approach to language design","publication_year":1975,"publication_date":"1975-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029010801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/512976.512982","mag":"2029010801"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/512976.512982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/512976.512982","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/512976.512982","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/512976.512982","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407088133","display_name":"ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN symposium on Principles of programming languages - POPL '75","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/512976.512982","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079752916","display_name":"George T. Ligler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5501-157X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5501-157X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George T. Ligler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079752916"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9564,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68320611,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"41","last_page":"53"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language-design","display_name":"programming language design","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-semantics","display_name":"formal semantics","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denotational-semantics","display_name":"denotational semantics","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-rules","display_name":"proof rules","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hoare-logic","display_name":"Hoare logic","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-induction","display_name":"structural induction","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-properties","display_name":"surface properties","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-verification","display_name":"program verification","score":0.45500001311302185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.8323187828063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.7649466395378113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7354318499565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5701824426651001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172347087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3217196","display_name":"Language of mathematics","level":2,"score":0.49014076590538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930895","display_name":"Operational semantics","level":3,"score":0.4676624834537506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49777639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5264354","display_name":"Design language","level":2,"score":0.4662085473537445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15077461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248507","display_name":"Programming language specification","level":5,"score":0.463500440120697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20724563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3075258","display_name":"Language primitive","level":4,"score":0.4295915365219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185954173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4347052","display_name":"Object language","level":3,"score":0.42650073766708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124577441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558937","display_name":"Low-level programming language","level":5,"score":0.411822646856308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C570499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289116","display_name":"First-generation programming language","level":3,"score":0.40407243371009827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.23838567733764648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21821579337120056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.2011817991733551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18303194642066956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119263510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248501","display_name":"Programming domain","level":4,"score":0.1636728048324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50033165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15712089","display_name":"Inductive programming","level":3,"score":0.08765196800231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/512976.512982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/512976.512982","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/512976.512982","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/512976.512982","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407088133","display_name":"ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN symposium on Principles of programming languages - POPL '75","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/512976.512982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/512976.512982","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/512976.512982","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/512976.512982","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407088133","display_name":"ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN symposium on Principles of programming languages - POPL '75","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2029010801.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2029010801.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512502927","https://openalex.org/W1523016082","https://openalex.org/W1580627069","https://openalex.org/W1598263475","https://openalex.org/W2087828835","https://openalex.org/W2090767487","https://openalex.org/W2094015376","https://openalex.org/W2109024331","https://openalex.org/W2113757735","https://openalex.org/W2127421847","https://openalex.org/W2163387210","https://openalex.org/W3137662118","https://openalex.org/W3145405294","https://openalex.org/W3146075203"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2469737022","https://openalex.org/W7097549102","https://openalex.org/W7096559039","https://openalex.org/W2102832761","https://openalex.org/W3217612362","https://openalex.org/W16700250","https://openalex.org/W4310514124","https://openalex.org/W6941148110","https://openalex.org/W1598263475","https://openalex.org/W7097752777"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"framework":[1],"for":[2],"validating":[3],"surface":[4,48,58],"properties":[5,49],"of":[6,11,17,28,43,69],"programming":[7],"language":[8,36,45],"constructs,":[9],"composed":[10],"proof":[12],"rules":[13],"(akin":[14],"to":[15,35],"those":[16],"Hoare)":[18],"and":[19,30,60,72],"supporting":[20],"hypotheses,":[21],"is":[22,38],"constructed":[23],"using":[24],"the":[25,41],"mathematical":[26],"semantics":[27],"Scott":[29],"Strachey.":[31],"The":[32],"following":[33],"approach":[34],"design":[37],"then":[39],"considered:":[40],"constructs":[42],"a":[44],"should":[46],"have":[47,62],"which":[50],"1)":[51],"need":[52],"few":[53],"hypotheses":[54],"other":[55],"than":[56],"assumed":[57],"properties;":[59],"2)":[61],"proofs":[63],"consisting,":[64],"as":[65,67],"far":[66],"possible,":[68],"trivial":[70],"fixpoint":[71],"structural":[73],"inductions.":[74]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}