{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2028280261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<1077:edaosr>2.0.co;2","title":"Exploratory Data Analysis of 1951\u201382 Summer Rainfall around Nelspruit, Transvaal, and Possible Effects of 1972\u201381 Cloud Seeding","display_name":"Exploratory Data Analysis of 1951\u201382 Summer Rainfall around Nelspruit, Transvaal, and Possible Effects of 1972\u201381 Cloud Seeding","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2028280261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<1077:edaosr>2.0.co;2","mag":"2028280261"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<1077:edaosr>2.0.co;2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<1077:edaosr>2.0.co;2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<1077:edaosr>2.0.co;2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168718","display_name":"Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology","issn_l":"0733-3021","issn":["0733-3021","2163-5366"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320260","host_organization_name":"American Meteorological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Meteorological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109536307","display_name":"K. R. Gabriel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8387-1033","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8387-1033"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. R. Gabriel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics and Division of Biostatistics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics and Division of Biostatistics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083323962","display_name":"Graeme K. Mather","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. K. Mather","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cansas International Corporation (Pty) Ltd., Nelspruit 1200, Republic of South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cansas International Corporation (Pty) Ltd., Nelspruit 1200, Republic of South Africa","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16796185,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"8","first_page":"1077","last_page":"1087"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.7432000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.7432000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.1137000024318695,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.043299999088048935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-seeding","display_name":"cloud seeding","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hail-suppression","display_name":"hail suppression","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/summer-rainfall","display_name":"summer precipitation","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nelspruit","display_name":"Nelspruit","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transvaal","display_name":"Transvaal","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainfall-trends","display_name":"rainfall trends","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual-analysis","display_name":"residual analysis","score":0.6150000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36248471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445669","display_name":"Seeding","level":2,"score":0.9491430521011353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178983516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217418","display_name":"Cloud seeding","level":3,"score":0.653741717338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5968072414398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.452619343996048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3570544123649597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2472509741783142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1606833040714264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.05167260766029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.05102941393852234}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<1077:edaosr>2.0.co;2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<1077:edaosr>2.0.co;2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<1077:edaosr>2.0.co;2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168718","display_name":"Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology","issn_l":"0733-3021","issn":["0733-3021","2163-5366"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320260","host_organization_name":"American Meteorological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Meteorological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.40450000762939453}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980144961","https://openalex.org/W2095317906","https://openalex.org/W1980901324","https://openalex.org/W2007957559","https://openalex.org/W2888017815","https://openalex.org/W2972158714","https://openalex.org/W2064511570","https://openalex.org/W2100704078","https://openalex.org/W2589543621","https://openalex.org/W2178970529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Eastern":[0],"Transvaal":[1],"summer":[2],"rainfall":[3,98,120],"from":[4,22,84,89],"1951":[5],"to":[6,24,34],"1982":[7],"is":[8],"examined":[9],"for":[10,79],"possible":[11,58],"changes":[12],"coincident":[13],"with":[14],"the":[15,100,107,124,127,143],"operational":[16],"hail":[17],"suppression":[18],"program,":[19],"which":[20],"ran":[21],"1972":[23],"1981.":[25],"Rough":[26],"exploratory":[27],"methods":[28],"are":[29,61,77],"used":[30,78],"initially":[31],"and":[32,48,70,139],"lead":[33],"fitting":[35,65],"various":[36],"models":[37,66],"by":[38,63],"standard":[39],"regression":[40],"techniques.":[41],"The":[42,87],"importance":[43],"of":[44,50,82,97,106,126,145],"station":[45],"location":[46],"(geography)":[47],"year":[49],"observation":[51],"(trends":[52],"over":[53],"time),":[54],"as":[55,57],"well":[56],"seeding":[59,128,146],"effects,":[60],"assessed":[62],"successively":[64],"incorporating":[67],"these":[68,91],"effects":[69],"comparing":[71],"their":[72],"fits.":[73],"Finally,":[74],"graphical":[75],"displays":[76],"further":[80],"exploration":[81],"residuals":[83],"those":[85],"models.":[86],"results":[88],"all":[90],"analyses":[92],"show":[93],"unusually":[94],"large":[95],"amounts":[96,113],"on":[99],"target":[101],"area":[102],"in":[103,116],"six":[104],"out":[105],"ten":[108],"seeded":[109],"summers.":[110],"These":[111],"augmented":[112],"apparently":[114],"occurred":[115],"summers":[117],"when":[118],"natural":[119],"was":[121,129],"plentiful.":[122],"Since":[123],"allocation":[125],"not":[130,134],"randomized,":[131],"one":[132],"should":[133],"apply":[135],"statistical":[136],"significance":[137],"tests,":[138],"definitive":[140],"conclusions":[141],"about":[142],"effect":[144],"cannot":[147],"be":[148],"drawn.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
